Author :
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, çevresel Kuznets eğrisi Gana için 1971 ve 2014 yılları arasında incelenmiştir. Çevresel Kuznets eğrisi iki ilişki altında incelenmiştir. Birincisi ekonomik büyüme, CO2 ve enerji tüketimi ilişkisi, ikincisi ise ekonomik büyüme, CO2, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomi büyümenin karesi arasındaki ilişkidir. Ekonomik büyüme, CO2 ve enerji tüketimi arasındaki nedensel ve uzun vadeli ilişkiler Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ve VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Test ile incelenmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme, CO2, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümenin karesi arasındaki uzun vadeli ilişki Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ile incelenmiştir. Çevresel Kuznets eğrisi Gana için doğrulanmamış olup, ekonomik büyüme ve enerji tüketimi arasında nedensel bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Enerji tüketiminden CO2’ye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik bulunmuşur. Neutrality hipotezi Gana için doğrulanmıştır.
Keywords
Abstract
In this study, EKC hypothesis is examined for Ghana for the period between 1971 and 2014. EKC hypothesis is examined under two nexus which are GDP, CO2 and energy consumption, and GDP, CO2, energy consumption and the square of GDP. Causal and long-term relationships between GDP, CO2, and energy consumption are examined for Ghana by Johansen cointegration and VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Test. Long-term relationships between GDP, CO2, energy consumption and the square of GDP are examined by Johansen cointegration test. EKC hypothesis is not confirmed for Ghana, no causal relationships are found between GDP and energy consumption, and unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to CO2 is found. Neutrality hypothesis is confirmed for Ghana.
Keywords
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