SOCIAL MENTALITY AND RESEARCHER THINKERS JOURNAL (SMART JOURNAL), Year 2025 Issue Cilt 11 Sayı 3

Determining The Reflections of The Types Of Power The Administrators Use on Their Behaviors

Tolga Gürçimen Orçun Ayda — 2026-07-16

When we look at the educational administration, basically the most important factor that keeps a school administrator alive its power source. The use of power resources within the organization and its manifestation into behaviors are the indicators of the prevailing climate in organizations. Research shows that administrators who value and make people feel valuable in the organization are who use power resources in a positive way and this situation affects the organizational atmosphere in a positive way. The power resources used by school administrators who value people positively affect the achievement of organizational goals. Based on the research findings in the literature on power, this research aims to determine the types of power used by school administrators working in primary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the TRNC in the dimension of school administration processes and to determine the reflections of these power types on administrator behaviors. In line with this purpose, questions were asked to the administrators about "the use of power types and their behavior".The theoretical structure of the research consists of researches on administration, power and power types. In the research carried out based on the qualitative research approach, a group of 15 school administrators working in primary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education of Northern Cyprus in the 2021-2022 academic year was formed. To obtain the data, interviews were conducted at predetermined locations and times, lasting between 45 and 60 minutes each. In the interviews, a semi-structured interview form consisting of questions developed by the researchers and prepared by taking the opinions of Expertises in the field was used. During the analysis of the data obtained as a result of the research, the "content analysis" method was used. In the findings obtained from the research, it was seen that the administrators define themselves as people who use the powers that positively affect the climate in the organization and show behaviors in this sense while determining the types of power they useIt is thought that the results of the research will shed light on the researchers doing research in this field and the TRNC Ministry of National Education and support the researches to be done on the subject.

The Role of Planar Graphs in Encryption and Decryption in Secure Communications: An Example

Yılmaz Gür Hülya Gür — 2026-07-16

This paper presents an innovative algorithm for encryption and decryption in Python, using the properties of planar graphs to ensure secure data transmission. The proposed symmetric encryption method uses the concepts of cycle graphs, planar graphs, and minimal spanning trees to generate a complex ciphertext using a shared key. This approach improves the security and efficiency of the encryption process. By employing these graph-based structures, the algorithm generates intricate patterns that enhance the security of the encrypted data, making it resistant to unauthorized decryption. Using cycle graphs contributes to creating complex, non-repetitive patterns, while planar graphs help efficiently organize data within a secure structure. The minimal spanning tree concept plays a critical role in improving the computational efficiency of the encryption and decryption operations. This novel approach strengthens security and offers a more efficient alternative to traditional encryption techniques. Using planar graphs is integral in organizing and structuring the encryption process, while minimal spanning trees improve computational efficiency for encryption and decryption operations. This approach offers an important level of security and introduces an efficient and scalable method for secure data encryption and decryption in Python.

The Effects Of Parental Behaviors On The Success Of Secondary School Students

İbrahim ArtanAdem Yalçın ,Asuman Yalçın ,Adil Özcan ,Fatih Özkan — 2026-07-16

The issue of how important family attitudes are in student success has been the subject of many studies, and it is known that the family situation affects the success of children as well as the social psychological effects on students. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of parental attitude on the success of secondary school students. An attempt was made to determine the relationships between the factor of parental attitudes at home, which are factors that are not genetically linked to intelligence, and the success of students in secondary school. The population of the research is 5.6.7.8 students studying at Yağbasan Secondary School in Tekkeköy district of Samsun. class consists of students. The sample of the research consists of 100 students due to the obstacle to face-to-face education during the pandemic. Relational scanning model was used in the research. The data collection tool of the research was the "Parental Attitude Scale" developed by Yılmaz in 2000. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis of the data; As a result, there was no significant relationship between parental attitudes and student achievement.

Deputy Vahit Erdem And His Political Life

Samed Cesur — 2026-07-16

Vahit Erdem is a Turkish politician andalso the founder of the Undersecretariat for Defense Industrıes. He was born in 1944 in Keskin district of Kırıkkale. He completed his education at Kabataş Boys’ High School and Istanbul Technıal Universty. Vahit Erdem played an important role as a Turkish politician, especially within the Justice and Development Party (AKP). He was elected as a deputy from the AKP in the 2002 general elections and entered the Turkish Grand National Assembly. His role in politics stands out with his expertise on Turkey’s defense industry policies and strategies. At the same time, he serverd in various commissions in the Parliament and worked on reforms in the field of defense industry.

Instant Impressions and Projections in Digital Art

Evrim Özeskici Buse Burçak — 2026-07-16

In 20th century art, the use of technology has significantly influenced contemporary artworks. As technology has become more accessible over time, movements such as digital art, installation art and conceptual art have gained a new dimension. The echoes of innovation in art that started in the modern art period continue to increase in contemporary art. Reflecting the unusual use of color seen in movements such as impressionism, expressionism or fauvism in the form of a painterly texture can be considered among these innovations. In modern art, where concept and meaning are brought to the forefront, artists have reached new forms of presentation by liberating themselves from the canvas ground. Contemporary artists, who strive to keep their communication with the viewer active, have received support from technology to offer interactive experiences. Therefore, movements such as digital art, installation art and conceptual art have enabled the artist to have a sensory interaction with the audience. In this research, the instant impressions and effects of digital artworks on the audience are examined in the context of light and color. The role of the viewer in interactive digital artwork presentations and their conceptual foundations are examined. The problems of the research are as follows: What are the conceptual traces that art creates in the viewer? What are the contributions of the use of color and light in the works to the artist's communication with the audience? What effect do interactive presentations have on the viewer's perception of the work? The scope of the research is limited to Ben F. Laposky, who is considered to be one of the first names of digital art, the digital art collective TeamLab group and Olarful Eliasson, known for his interactive presentations.

Do It Yourself (DIY) Culture On Social Networks and The Rise Of Creativity During Covid-19 Quarantine

Bahar GüngörCelalettin Aktaş — 2026-07-16

This research examines the effects of DIY culture on individuals' creativity experiences in digital social networks during the COVID-19 quarantine period. The study, which was conducted using netnographic methods and semi-structured interviews, analyzes the role of social media platforms in the dissemination of DIY content and how individuals interact with these contents. The research findings show that individuals develop their creative skills through DIY projects, acquire new manual skills, and social media platforms are a source of inspiration in this process. However, it has been determined that the social media economy has increasingly commercialized DIY content and directed individuals to a producer-consumer (prosumer) identity. The findings reveal that individuals' interactions with DIY content are important in terms of both creative development and commercialization. The research aims to contribute to understanding the dynamics between social media and creative production processes.

Evaluation of Culinary Culture in Turkey from the Perspective of Gastronomy Tourism

Adil Karasu — 2026-07-16

Gastronomy, which was initially designated for the nobility, expanded over time to include regional and local peasant dishes. Later, as a result of the growth of cultural elements related to eating and drinking, the gastronomy element also included cultural practices. In the following period, as a result of serving and consuming food and beverage products, the concept of gastronomy has become a global industry as an important element of the tourism sector, called the smokeless industry, and has taken its place in the tourism sector as gastronomy tourism. With globalization, the contribution of tourism revenues to the economy of countries is increasing day by day, and considering the reasons for tourists' preferences, gastronomy tourism plays a key role in this sense. The aim of this study was to evaluate the culinary culture in Turkey in terms of gastronomy tourism. In this context, gastronomy and gastronomy tourism were discussed conceptually and the size of the culinary culture in Turkey and its share in the tourism sector in the context of gastronomy tourism were examined. As a result of the study, it was understood that Turkey has a rich culinary culture, that the expenditure of tourists coming to Turkey for food and beverages is increasing day by day within tourism revenues, that Turkish cuisine has an important position in the tourism sector and that it needs to be developed further according to the data obtained. In this context, promotional activities should be carried out through organizations such as travel agencies, local governments, associations, television channels, websites, etc. regarding the gastronomy potential of the provinces in Turkey, and this potential should be brought to the tourism sector

The Iconic Transformation of Space; The Example of Henrique Oliveira

Rasim Bağırlı — 2026-07-16

The originality of art carries the subjective experience process of the artist. Artists are inspired by cultures, art movements, and the environment, and they carry out their materials, methods, and production processes by feeding them from different disciplines. With this general evaluation, the relationship between humans and nature is a source of inspiration for the production of many artists today. Scientific and technological developments/changes that have taken place on a global scale have diversified the subjects and concepts inspired by the act of art, as well as the materials and exhibition methods used. This diversity has also affected the perception of the artist and the audience regarding the space, and space-specific productions have emerged.Within the scope of this research; the artist-work-viewer-space relationship in the act of art has been evaluated in the context of nature, specifically in the artistic productions of Henrique Oliveira. As a form of questioning in terms of the meaning that contemporary art attributes to space, Oliveira's works focus on the fiction of existence. The process of examining the concepts of nature, space and contemporary art in the context of Oliveira's works also draws attention to the situation of space and the re-construction of space. The artist's works, which focus on the viewer, also include the process of including the viewer in his work experientially. Oliveira's readings of works, which are focused on the interactions of the artist, viewer and space, also focus on the themes of nature protection and sustainability in the rapidly changing lifestyle of the age.

Oliveira’s artistic practice, which often bears traces of surrealism, can also be described as a striking presentation of the concepts of object-space-nature through installation art. The artist reshapes the relationship between humans and nature with the structural character of the space, giving it an organic volume. In this context, the artist directs the viewer to think and question, while offering the viewer a new perspective in his installations created through “nature” from a subjective perspective.

Agriculture Activites in Herât (X-XII. Centuries)

Hidayet Kılınç Sevim Kızmaz — 2026-07-16

In the Middle Ages, the basis of economic activities was agriculture, animal husbandry and trade. Herat was a city located in western Afghanistan and was established on the banks of the Herīrūd River. Throughout history, it has hosted various civilizations such as the Hellenistic, Persian, Arab and Turkish. The strategic location of the city made it a gateway between Afghanistan, India, Iran and Turkestan. Despite being outside the trade routes, it managed to become one of the most important cities of Khorasan during the Samanid period thanks to the fertile lands of the Herīrūd River. Herāt was a settlement that attracted attention with a wide range of agricultural production. The city's air and the richness of its water resources increased the importance of agricultural activities in the region, so much so that many of the products grown became identified with the region. It was possible to find various products in the markets and bazaars in the city. The surplus of the products produced were exported to many regions, especially to the surrounding settlements. In Herāt, where both dry and irrigated agriculture were widespread, the administrators gave great importance to the development of agriculture. For example, during the Tahirid period, administrators were advised to establish good relations with farmers and support them. In this study, we aim to examine the reasons why Herat had such an important place in the Khorasan Region in terms of agriculture and the agricultural products grown in all aspects. Therefore, in this study, the geographical borders, climate, rivers, irrigation canals and agricultural activities of the city of Herat will be discussed. All this information will be presented based on the works of geographers, travelers and historians of the period.

Sensor-Based Typography Experiment: Typographic Applications With Sound, Light And Distance Sensors

Burhan Şohoğlu Birsen Çeken — 2026-07-16

This study aims to explore the effects of variable font design on human interaction by developing three different sensor-interactive font designs. As part of the research process, existing projects involving variable fonts were reviewed. Subsequently, font designs responsive to distance, sound, and light sensors were created and evaluated through test interfaces. Additionally, animated poster designs were developed to demonstrate the practical use of these fonts in real-life applications. The design process was shaped based on the feedback from a group of five experts, and the project was restructured accordingly. The findings indicate that for sensor-interactive systems to function effectively, fonts must be designed in harmony with the corresponding sensor systems. Expert opinions strongly emphasize that sensor-interactive variable font designs have the potential to offer a positive user experience and can be successfully implemented across a wide range of sectors.

Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Self Clarity Scale and Selfobject Needs Inventories in Adolescents

Yıldız Bilge Muhammed Erdinç Türk — 2026-07-16

This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS) and Self-Object Needs Inventory (SONI), which were adapted for adult samples, in adolescents and to conduct a validity and reliability study. The participants consisted of a total of 386 high school students, 258 (66.8%) female and 128 (33.2%) male, aged between 14-18 (15.60±1.19). The participants completed the SCCS and SONI, as well as the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescent (AIDA). As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis conducted for the validity of the SCCS, it was determined that the goodness of fit indices were sufficient for the single-factor structure of the scale (X²/sd=2.89, CFI=.90, GFI=.94, AGFI=.91) and the factor loadings of the scale items ranged from .33 to .73. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis conducted for the SONI, a three-factor structure explaining 33.90% of the variance was obtained. In the correlation analyses conducted for convergent validity, significant relationships were found between the SONI, SCCS, and AIDA. Within the scope of the reliability analysis of the SCCS and SONI, Cronbach Alpha values of all scales and subscales were found to be above .70 except for the avoidance from mirroring sub-dimension of the SONI (.66). The item-total correlations of the scales were found to be between .29 and .61 for the SCCS and between .27 and .59 for the SONI. It was observed that the psychometric properties of the SCCS and SONI in adolescents were sufficient, indicating that they were valid and reliable measurement tools that could be used in studies conducted with this population.

President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Iskander Mirza's Visit to Turkey and its Impact on Türkiye-Pakistan Relations

Muharrem Turp — 2026-07-16

Since the establishment of Pakistan, relations between Turkey and Pakistan have generally followed a positive course. The threat posed by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the historical ties between Turks and Pakistanis played a significant role in bringing the two countries closer. The two states signed Treaty of Friendship in 1951, Agreement for Cultural in 1953 and Agreement for Friendly Cooperation in 1954. In 1955, the two countries further developed their relations by forming the Baghdad Pact along with the United Kingdom, Iran, and Iraq. Of course, mutual high-level visits between Turkey and Pakistan during this period also had a significant impact on strengthening ties. One such visit was made by Major General Iskander Mirza, the first President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, to Turkey. During this visit, which took place between July 15–29, 1956, Mirza received great attention from both the officials and the public. The press provided daily coverage to inform the public about his visit. Starting his visit in Ankara, Iskander Mirza also visited Bursa and Istanbul. In addition to visiting various institutions and historical sites, Iskander Mirza and his delegation held many meetings, most notably with the President of the Republic of Turkey, Celal Bayar, and Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. These meetings focused on international and regional issues within the framework of the Baghdad Pact and included discussions on how to further develop bilateral relations, particularly in political and economic fields. This study examines Iskander Mirza's visit in light of documents from the Turkish Presidential State Archives, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Turkish Diplomatic Archive, Cumhuriyet newspaper, and various copyrighted and research works.

The Literary, Philosophical, and Political Personality and Stance Of Abbâs Mahmûd el-ʿAkkâd

Aya Nasr Mohammed Elkatrey — 2026-07-16

This study examines the literary, philosophical, and political personality and stance of Abbâs Mahmûd el-ʿAkkâ. As a prominent figure in modern Arabic literature, el-ʿAkkâd was at the center of various opinions and critiques throughout his career as both a poet and a writer. The article aims to understand how he was shaped not only as a writer but also as an intellectual and political figure by exploring his literary style, intellectual perspective, and political stance in a multifaceted way.

The purpose of the article is to analyze el-ʿAkkâd’s contributions to modern Arabic literature, his literary language and style, his intellectual viewpoint, and his opinions on social issues. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the broader impact of his ideas on society.

The methodology is based on an extensive literature review of el-ʿAkkâd’s life and works. In this context, his literary texts and political writings are examined together with his social thought, and the position of these works within their historical context is analyzed. Furthermore, the article reviews evaluations of el-ʿAkkâd by literary critics and his contemporaries, analyzing his language use, stylistic features, and ideological approaches in detail. In doing so, the study aims to develop a deep understanding of el-ʿAkkâd’s role in the social and cultural context and his intellectual legacy.