SOCIAL MENTALITY AND RESEARCHER THINKERS JOURNAL (SMART JOURNAL), Year 2023 Issue 77

A Globalization Approach and Informatical Learning Perspective

Mustafa Akın Furkan İlker Akın — 2026-07-16

Globalization; the term globalization, according to the Turkish Language Association dictionary, means comprehensive, wholesale, and global. This word has been borrowed from French into our language. Globalization refers to the connections between countries. According to the Turkish Language Association dictionary, globalization is synonymous with 'küreselleşme,' which means globalization in English. This word is used to describe and generalize situations that occur worldwide. The term globalization or küreselleşme describes the period of international integration and rapid global dissemination of cultures, ideas, and products. This word is related to international relations. The history of the phenomenon of globalization, which began to be felt in the early 20th century, dates back to the 16th century when Magellan circumnavigated the world. Additionally, this concept also implies a process of international unity and communication resulting from the mutual interaction of education and learning models, cultures, and consequently worldviews. The goal of this new world order, which will be realized through digital technology, is to create positive rational hopes for the future in individuals. Especially with the development of computer and internet technologies, interaction between individuals and societies worldwide has reached an advanced level. Previously unfamiliar lifestyles, attitudes, and behaviors among individuals and societies now lead to the emergence of a common structure based on shared perceptions, understanding, and tolerance, particularly in areas such as different tastes and interests. This situation inevitably contributes to the development of education concepts and contemporary learning models, particularly in developing countries, and thus adds a global dimension to education and teaching models and methods. The purpose of this study is to define the concept of globalization and establish the relationship between the phenomenon of globalization and the Constructivist Learning model, which is one of the increasingly popular learning models used in education. In this research, which was conducted using the descriptive case study technique with explanatory content, information obtained through scanning was evaluated, interpreted, and presented to the readers.

Classroom Teachers' Views on Mobbing

Bayram SungurBülent Kılınç ,Gamze Acar Mertcan — 2026-07-16

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the opinions of classroom teachers about mobbing behavior with the phenomenology pattern, which is one of the qualitative methods. For this purpose, 15 classroom teachers working in official public schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the Mudanya District of Bursa province in 2022-2023 were interviewed. Attention was paid to the fact that the teachers participating in the study, which was carried out with the semi-structured interview technique, had worked with the school principals in different schools for at least 3 years and that their professional seniority was over 8 years. Purposive sampling method was used while determining the teachers to participate in the study. In the research, the data were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher. Analyzes were made by determining categories and themes with content analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that teachers were exposed to mobbing from many different groups such as school administration, administrators and their assistants, teachers, branch managers, school environment, parents, village headman and villagers. It has been determined that the mobbing applied to the teacher has different reasons according to the person who applies it and the mobbing behavior applied varies according to the people, the teacher responds to the mobbing behaviors actively or passively, is psychologically affected by what happens and reflects it negatively on the environment. Suggestions made to prevent teachers from being exposed to mobbing are classified as teacher, administration and MEB. It is thought that this study, which examines the exposure of classroom teachers to mobbing, contributes to the literature on the development of solutions by revealing the existing situation.

A Content Analysıs Of Current Studıes On Indıvıdualızed Educatıon Plan

Ömür UlusoyErcan Ali Özdemir ,Merve Ulusoy ,Burak Kurt ,Erdem Çakır — 2026-07-16

The individualized education plan aims to maximize the potential of students with special needs by supporting their learning processes. In this context, the implementation of an individualized education plan is of great importance in meeting the individual needs of each student and securing the right to education. Individualized education plans personalize students' learning process and guide them according to their unique needs, interests, strengths and weaknesses. This approach goes beyond the standardized curriculum in general education systems, allowing each individual to determine the style, pace and content of learning. Individualized education plans enable students to learn in a more effective and motivating way, increasing their self-confidence and supporting them with experiences based on real-world applications that suit their interests. In this way, students understand themselves better, participate more actively in the learning process, and build their future success on solid foundations. Therefore, individualized education plans provide a more effective, efficient and sustainable learning experience compared to standard practices in education. Teachers must work collaboratively for the successful implementation of this plan and provide the best educational opportunities to students with special needs. Thus, students with special needs can be raised as successful and self-confident individuals in education. Based on the listed points, this study is a content analysis of the studies carried out by researchers in Turkey in the field of Individualized Education Plan (IEP). For this purpose, 11 studies, 9 articles and 2 theses, were published between 2019 and 2023. When the studies are examined, it is seen that the most qualitative studies were conducted, the most studies were published in 2019, the keyword individualized education plan was used the most, the most qualitative type studies were conducted, more teacher working groups were selected, the most used data collection tool was the interview form, and the most used data collection tool was the interview form. It was concluded that content analysis technique was mostly used.

Violence Against Women and Measures To Prevent Violence

Atakan Akar Hasan Çaylak — 2026-07-16

In this study, violence against women is analysed and the data obtained as a result of the literature review are basically gathered under three headings. Under the first heading, the concept of gender and women is discussed and the place of women in society as gender is tried to be conveyed. In the second section, the concept of violence is emphasised. The relationship between violence and femicides, its formation, violence against women and violence in Turkey, the causes of violence were emphasised. Finally, the study is concluded with the conclusion section. The most basic finding reached within the scope of the study is that violence against women in Turkey is increasing day by day and that there are factors such as economy, education, etc. as the most basic factors in femicides. In this direction, various laws and regulations are tried to be made in order to prevent violence against women in Turkey.

Women's Labor in Agrıculture: The Case of Şanlıurfa Provınce

Burçin Yiğit Fatma Öcal Kara — 2026-07-16

Even though women in rural areas actively work in agriculture, they have not yet realized the reward of their labor. Therefore, it has become difficult to make women's labor visible in all production activities. The main purpose of this research is to reveal the basic aspects of the labor of women working in agriculture in rural Şanlıurfa. Research data was obtained by conducting a face-to-face survey with a total of 237 women actively working in agriculture. In the study, it was determined that women's working hours in agricultural production were more than 6 hours. Although women contribute greatly to crop and animal production, they are far from accessing inputs and participating in decisions.

About Inclusive Education and Training

Umut ÇakmakElif Fulya Çakmak ,Hasan Yüce — 2026-07-16

Inclusive education in schools is an education plan that has been developed and continuously developed in order to increase and develop educational opportunities for students with special needs. People are candidates for being disabled individuals both from birth and later in terms of physical, mental or both. In line with the principle of equality of opportunity and opportunity in education, it is the most basic requirement for these individuals to participate in education and training through inclusion at an early age in order for these individuals to adapt to the society and to develop their behaviors in the best way possible.It is essential that students who receive education through mainstreaming in schools develop their self-efficacy, adapt to their peers, and grow up as social individuals in the society. It is essential to develop the social aspects of special students who receive education with their peers by sharing with other students, taking responsibility, acting as a team, and having common thoughts. The aim of this research is to determine the difficulties experienced by primary school teachers who apply inclusive education in primary schools with students who receive inclusive education, to identify the inadequacies that arise during the practices, and to offer and develop suggestions for minimizing these inadequacies and difficulties and making a more beneficial inclusive education.The research was carried out with the participation of 114 classroom teachers working in 28 official primary schools in Hatay province Dörtyol district in the 2021-2022 academic year. For this reason, in this descriptive study, the appropriate scanning model was used.The research data were created with the results obtained as a result of the literature review and the application of the scale.As a result of the research findings, in the opinions of the teachers; While there was no big difference according to gender, undergraduate level and program graduated, professional year, experience in inclusive education, number of class students and branch information taught, age information of inclusive students, type of disability of the student receiving education, IEP unit, support education unit in terms of school equipment and facilities. It has been observed that there are significant differences in some parts of the scale according to the criteria of room, special education consultancy and IEP plan preparation.

Administrators and Teachers' Opinions on Syrian School Adaptation Problems

2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to reveal the views of administrators and teachers about the adaptation of Syrian refugee students to school. Within the framework of the qualitative research, the data obtained from the interviews with 5 school administrators and 12 teachers working in the schools of Altınözü district of Hatay province in the 2021-2022 academic year were analyzed. In the research, interview questions prepared by the researcher were used as data collection tool. Within the scope of the research, findings regarding the problems faced by Syrian students in the process of adaptation to school were obtained. It has been concluded that the problems faced by Syrian students in the school environment are mostly language problems and related communication problems. For this reason, efforts to solve the language problem will reduce a significant part of the education problems of Syrians. In addition, positive results can be obtained in the context of supporting the teachers with in-service trainings in order to solve the adaptation problems of Syrian refugee students, planning activities to solve the adaptation and communication problems and eliminating the adaptation problems experienced.

The Effect of 8 Weeks of Pliometric Training On Muscle Strenght, Jumoing Performance, Balance and Agility In Young Women’s Volleyball Players

Ahmet KoyuncuoğluBarış Şanlı ,Savaş Aslan — 2026-07-16

Research on the effects of plyometric training method in volleyball players has been increasing recently. In this study, the effects of an 8-week plyometric training programme and post-training strength values of young female volleyball players were investigated. Sixteen young female volleyball players between the ages of 15-18 years who have been playing volleyball for at least two years participated in the study. The athletes were subjected to plyometric training for 8 weeks and were evaluated with various jumping, jumping and balance tests before, after and in the weeks after the training. According to the results of the study, a significant decrease was observed in the results of standing long jump, right-left leg standing long jump and adapted T-drill test after 8 weeks of training (p<0.05). However, no significant improvement was found in three-step jump and squat jump tests (p>0.05). On the other hand, a significant increase was observed in the right-left leg in the multiple jump and star balance test results (p<0.05). In the flamingo balance test results, no significant change was found between pre and post training period. In the post-training period, significant decreases were observed in all test results after the 3rd and 4th week. As a result, it was concluded that 8-week plyometric training positively affected dynamic balance and multiple jumping abilities of young female volleyball players, but did not provide a significant improvement in other jumping abilities. In addition, the fact that there was a significant decrease in the test results in the 3rd and 4th weeks after the cessation of the training should be considered as a remarkable finding regarding the long-term effects of the training.

Examination of Graduate Thesis On Glass Ceiling Syndrome: Sample of YÖK Database

Melek Öztaş Tanrıkulu Bahadır Gülbahar — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to examine postgraduate theses on the topic of glass ceiling syndrome. Within the scope of the research, the theses were analyzed in terms of their year of completion, language, university affiliation, institute type, research approaches, research methods/designs, study groups, data collection tools, topics, and findings. The research data is limited to Turkish and English theses on glass ceiling syndrome that were prepared between 2011 and 2022 and accessible through the YÖK National Thesis Center database. Theses that were not accessible were not included in the study. In this qualitative research approach, the data was obtained through document analysis and analyzed using descriptive analysis technique.The main findings of the research are as follows: The majority of theses were completed in 2019. The majority of theses were master's theses. The examined theses were predominantly in Turkish, utilized quantitative research approaches, and employed descriptive survey designs. It was determined that the theses were prepared within 25 different universities, with the highest number of theses being affiliated with social sciences institutes. The study groups in the theses were predominantly composed of teachers and female school administrators. The most commonly used data collection tool in the theses was semi-structured interview forms. The theses revealed that glass ceiling syndrome is related to career expectations and initiatives, perceptions of leadership, gender-based discrimination, attitudes and stereotypes towards women, social roles, cultural factors, queen bee syndrome, societal pressures, competition, organizational justice, and age. Some recommendations were also made based on the findings of the research.

Learning Losses in Information Technologies Course During The Pandemic Period According To Teachers' Opinions

2026-07-16

This study was conducted from the perspective of Information Technologies and Software course teachers to describe the learning losses and solution suggestions in the Information Technologies and Software course during the pandemic period of the 2021-2022 academic year. Research; It consists of four parts: introduction, method, findings, conclusion, discussion and suggestions. The study group of the research consists of 40 randomly selected Information Technologies and Software course teachers working in public institutions in Izmir in the 2021-2022 academic year. The data used in the research were collected and examined using a semi-structured interview form. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The data obtained as a result of the interviews were examined one by one, similar answers were brought together and appropriate coding was made, themes were created and the findings were obtained and interpreted. According to the research results; It has been observed that students' lack of technological infrastructure, depending on the socioeconomic status of families, is the biggest cause of learning loss. Some solution suggestions have been proposed to eliminate the problems encountered and the learning losses that occurred during the pandemic process. Families with low socioeconomic status should be supported, schools should be equipped with technological equipment, information technology classes should be enriched with equipment, computers and other equipment should be provided to schools that do not have information technology classes, and make-up programs and courses should be organized. In this way, learning losses should be compensated after the pandemic. It is thought that the research will describe the opinions of teachers about learning losses in the Information Technologies and Software course during the pandemic period and will make a different contribution to the literature in this respect.

Experiences during the Covid-19 Pandemic Quarantine Process: A Holistic Multiple Case Study

Fatma Kırımlı — 2026-07-16

This study has two main purposes. The first aim is to reveal the physical conditions people experienced during the pandemic process, their daily activities, their emotional reactions, the changes they experienced during the process, and how they evaluated the quarantine process in general. The second aim is to determine whether these reactions differ according to their marital status. In the research, a holistic multiple case design from case studies was used. The experiences of the participants during the quarantine period were examined under 5 deductive themes: "physical characteristics of the living space, daily activities, emotional reactions, changes, general evaluation of the process". The physical characteristics of the living space are effective during the pandemic process; Participants carried out sports, different hobbies, professional and educational activities as daily activities during the pandemic; Negative affective reactions predominated in all three participant groups; Physical changes such as weight gain, dry skin, pain; Behavioral changes include physical distance, constant hand washing, taking time for oneself and online shopping; Changes in cognitive behaviors such as understanding the value of loved ones, making new decisions, making short-term plans, saving money and understanding the value of freedom; It has been determined that positive changes in the relationship with the spouse include increased sharing, the opportunity to get to know each other, being more compassionate and understanding, and increased responsibility. Among the negative changes, there are fights and changes in the care of the child. In general, single men and women engaged in physical activity at approximately the same rate, while in married couples, men preferred to engage in sports and women preferred to engage in their hobbies. As a result of the research, it was determined that the pandemic process had both positive and negative aspects, and the most felt emotion was anxiety.

Executive Opinions On The Effects Of The Covid19 Pandemic On School Culture

Sedat İlhanSerpil İlhan ,Murat İlhan — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to investigate how the Covid-19 pandemic period affects school culture based on the opinions of the administrators. A total of 10 school administrators participated in the research, which was designed as a qualitative research method and a case study. Easily accessible sampling method was preferred in determining the participants for the research. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection technique for the research. The obtained data were analyzed with the content analysis method and the results were discussed. As a result of the study, recommendations are included.

Central Bank of The Republic of Turkey From Its Foundation To The Futur

Meltem Keskin — 2026-07-16

We Turks, who have the privilege of living in ancient lands, experienced the richness of the Anatolian geography with the difficulties arising from geopolitical/geoeconomic importance for generations. While the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (TCMB) shared the fate of the country as one of the main institutions of the Republic, its establishment was very painful. It provides the gold reserve necessary for the establishment of the bank, as required by the current conjuncture. Its establishment is a great economic and political victory for the newly established Republic of Turkey, which was in economic difficulties. On June 11, 1930, the draft law on the Central Bank was approved by the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) and on June 30, 1930, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Law No. 1715 was published in the Official Gazette and entered into force. The main purpose of the TCMB is to ensure price stability and to preserve the economic balance. In this context, the TCMB determines the monetary policy, controls the money supply, regulates the interbank markets and takes the necessary measures to protect the value of the Turkish Lira. In some periods throughout the TCMB's history, monetary policies have been controversial due to economic developments and political factors. The independence of TCMB is discussed from time to time and its effects on economic policies has been the subject of criticism. In this study; The TCMB, which is one of the key institutions in creating the young Turkish Republic’s economic policy, is examined empirically in the light of secondary data.

Determination of Metaphorical Perceptions of Private Security and Protection Program Students Regarding the Concept of Sports

Aykut Tosun — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to identify 40 1st and 2nd grade students studying at Hereke Ömer İsmet Uzunyol Vocational School, Department of Property Protection and Security, Private Security Protection Program in the 2023-2024 academic year and the students voluntarily participated in the study. Within the scope of the research, the students were asked to answer the questions "Sports is like ........ Because....", "Sport......... affects. Because.....", "Sport......... controls. Because....." sentences and the form containing metaphor sentences was given to the students in writing. 1 question "Sport is like ......." produced a total of 39 metaphors, the concept of "Because...." produced a total of 41 metaphors, the concept of "Sport is like ......." produced a total of 80 metaphors, 2 questions "Sport is like ........ Because...." question, they produced 80 metaphors in total, "Sport......... affects. They produced 39 metaphors for the concept of "Because....." and 39 metaphors for the concept of "Sport......... affects. Because....." question, they produced 78 metaphors in total, 3 questions "Sport......... controls. They produced 39 metaphors for the concept "Because....." It was seen that they produced 27 metaphors for the concept and 66 metaphors in total. It was concluded that the students participating in the study produced 224 metaphors in total for 3 questions, and it was determined that the students would positively affect their lives related to sports.

Educators' Union Participation Purpose, Expectations and the Level of Meeting Their Expectations

Sibel ÖzerHatun Yavuz ,Yasemin Sakman ,Ömer Kutlu ,Abdullah Kaya ,Fatma Çetin — 2026-07-16

Within the framework of the research, first of all, the emergence and development of the concept of unionism and syndicalism in the historical process in the world and in Turkey is discussed. In the next stage, the entry of unionism into the education community and the process, changes and developments it went through were discussed. The birth and development stages of education unionism in Turkey, its differences, limitations and the legalization process until today are examined. The fact that unionism, which emerged as an organizing tool, brings together approximately 69% of educators and this number is around 775,000, has led to the need to conduct a survey of union members on various questions. Using the interview form prepared for this purpose, 100 unionized educators were contacted and their opinions were received. These comments were analyzed and synthesized. The aim is to examine the relationship between the union membership goals of educators who are members of education unions in Turkey, their expectations from union membership, and the level of satisfaction of these expectations. The expectation of union members is to conduct innovative research and studies not only on personal but also on educational and social issues and to apply the results obtained for the benefit of the members. It is clear that members believe that their union should not only have a name, but also take action and take a more active role in professional, economic and legal matters. The small number of participants whose expectations are met, whose demands are met, and who believe that the union is making their full contribution, forces unions to work more effectively towards their members. The expectation of the members of the Union is to conduct innovative research and studies not only on individual but also on educational and social issues, and to apply the results obtained for the benefit of its members.

Contributions of the Use of Ukulele as a School Instrument in Primary Schools to Students

Kadir KorkmazBekir Tanyeri — 2026-07-16

Music education is a compulsory subject initially taken by every child at the primary and middle school levels, and later, it is pursued in private music education institutions based on the child's interest and aptitude or according to the family's preference. When it comes to school instruments in music education, low-cost and portable instruments like the recorder or melodica often come to mind. Currently, the melodica is more commonly used than the recorder. Although these two instruments have the advantage of portability and ergonomic design, they are insufficient for providing a balanced musical development, both in solo performance and accompanying singing. Additionally, the ukulele is suitable for children in terms of portability and ergonomics, but it is more expensive than the recorder and melodica. However, being a polyphonic instrument, the ukulele provides more opportunities for children to develop their musical skills at an early age. In our research, the ukulele has been compared to solo instruments like the recorder and melodica, as well as to polyphonic instruments like the guitar and piano.

Student Opinions On The Absence Of Students Attending The Science and Art Center

Nihal Kaya İciCanan Kandemir ,Hüseyin Albayrak — 2026-07-16

This research aimed to determine student opinions regarding the reasons for absenteeism of gifted students at science and art centers (BİLSEM) and how to reduce absenteeism. In the research, phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The research included those who attended BİLSEM in the 2022-2023 academic year and had the most absenteeism; 5 support education 1, 5 support education 2 program students, 5 special talent development (SDI 2) 8th grade students, and 5 project students participated. A semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers was used to obtain data in the study. The prepared semi-structured interview form was sent to 5 students for the pilot study. The form was revised and corrections were made according to the feedback from the students. The form consists of two parts. While the first part includes questions about the descriptive characteristics of the participants, the second part includes questions about the reasons why gifted students do not attend the science and art center and their solution suggestions. Appointments were given to students to develop the interviews. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the content analysis method. Students were asked about their reasons for non-attendance at the science and art center and their opinions on the solution of this problem. What are the reasons for not attending the science and art center? The answers to the question were analyzed under 4 themes. A study was conducted using a phenomenological research method, investigating the experiences and solution suggestions of Support 1-2 program, ÖYG 2 and Project students regarding absenteeism. This research was conducted to understand the reasons for students' absenteeism and to determine solution suggestions. Regarding the reasons for non-attendance of Support 1-2 program students, the themes of time and fatigue, transportation problems, issues related to family and parents, and school/exam preparation were determined. Students associated reasons such as time constraints, intensity, remote location, parents' working hours and other activities, and participation in private schools and courses with absenteeism. Among the solution suggestions, there are suggestions such as classes during the day, limiting the tuition to a single day, choosing a nearby tuition, the possibility of leaving school early, being compatible with course hours, and shuttle services. ÖYG 2 students stated that they were absent due to reasons such as preparation for LGS and time constraints, transportation problems and exam-oriented intensity. Among the solution suggestions, there are suggestions such as giving additional points in LGS and limiting knowledge in the 8th grade. Project students, on the other hand, stated that they experienced absenteeism due to reasons such as preparation for the university exam, difficult transportation conditions, time constraints and exam-oriented intensity. Among the solution suggestions, there are suggestions such as service, limited information, or not preparing a project.

Chord Accompaniment/Performance on Classical Guitar in Modal Music

Burak Can YıldızBekir Tanyeri — 2026-07-16

Duetotheincreasingpopularity of classicalguitaraccompanying folk songs in variousmusicgenres, it wasdecidedtoconductthisstudy, whichaimstoexplore how classicalguitar can be used in accompanimentwithmodalmusic. Thestudyaimstoconveythebasicrulesandlogic of providingaccompanimentwithclassicalguitartomodalmusictomusicianswhohave not previouslyaccompaniedmodalmusicwithclassicalguitar, based on theinformationpresented in thisarticle. Theresearchfocuses on determiningwhichchords can be usedaccordingtothemelody in modalmusic. Thus, thegoal is toequipclassicalguitaristsinterested in accompanyingmodalmusicwiththenecessaryfoundationalknowledgeand an understanding of whichchords can be usedbased on thedegrees of themode. Inthisresearch, a descriptiveresearchmethod of qualitativeresearchtypewasusedtoidentifyandanalyzethecurrentsituation. Thestudygroup of theresearchconsists of theTurkish Music modes Hüseyni and Hicaz. At theend of thestudy, samplepatternaccompanimentstudieswereconducted on melodies in the Hüseyni and Hicaz modes. Thescope of theresearch is Turkish Music, andthelimitationsare Hüseyni and Hicaz modes. Therefore, it is consideredthatthisstudy is important in guidingmusicianswhowanttoaccompanyTurkishmusicwithclassicalguitar.

Some Sewing Technıques and Product Examples Used in Leather

Melda Özdemir Tuğçe Sönmezoğlu — 2026-07-16

It is known that the history of leather, which is one of the first materials used by mankind in prehistoric times for the purpose of covering and shelter against the adverse conditions of nature, dates back to ancient times. Since leather is a durable, healthy and easily shaped material, it has been used and continues to be used in clothing, accessories and decoration sectors throughout the ages. Today, leather goods and accessories with ornaments are seen in all areas of our lives and are becoming increasingly important. In the surface decoration of leather products made within the framework of handicraft; techniques such as dyeing, printing, carving, applique, cut processing, burning, wet shaping, sewing and processing etc. are used. Leather art, which has come to the forefront and gained fame in Turkey, which has a very rich culture throughout history, has produced qualified works of cultural and artistic value in every field in history with the leather craftsmanship developed by the Turks. Leather art, which was made in the past with its unique qualities, continues to be made today as a reflection of our culture with its aesthetic appeal. Today, the production of leather goods with ornaments is gaining importance and attracting great interest due to the fact that it is a natural material, usefulness, softness, etc. in products made of leather. Artisans have developed various surface decoration techniques in leather art in the past and today. One of these techniques is the stitching technique. The aim of this study is to explain four techniques that are widely used among leather stitching techniques and to introduce them by examining their use on products.