https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=2503 SOCIAL MENTALITY AND RESEARCHER THINKERS JOURNAL (SMART JOURNAL) en 2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67895 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67895 Girayalp Karakuş The transition from irregular units to regular army had been a highly debated issue during the National Struggle period. The presentation of archival documents to the knowledge of history researchers created a positive development. After the World War II, in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated, Turkey was left alone with many problems. In addition to the fact that the elimination of political, economic and social collapse had a political aspect, the necessity of a new structuring had clearly manifested itself from the very beginning. Our subject is to clarify the events that developed during the transition to the regular army among these gigantic problems, the continuation of the war, whether the only way to get out of the war victorious is to switch to the regular army  within the framework of historical sources. Archival documents containing this point of view, the historical developments of the period, published sources, works including all the discourses and activities of Atatürk, the parliamentary minutes of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the publications of the TBMM Foundation, the publications of the History of the Turkish Armed Forces, and the publications of the ATESE Presidency were used in this study. The national resistance efforts of the Erkan-ı Harbiye officers in the Ottoman Army in the irregular Kuvayi Milliye organization and the transition to the regular army were discussed in this study.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67899 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67899 Ahmet KalkanSevda Arzu Özgül ,Derya Yuva Kalkan ,Servet Özgül ,Reşit Güngör Kalkan The aim of this study is to evaluate the opinions of school administrators working in secondary schools about sports fields. In the study group of the research, face-to-face interview technique was used with 10 school administrators working in Gaziantep Provincial Directorate of National Education and on a voluntary basis. In the research, using the interview method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, the data obtained were analyzed by the content analysis method. As a result of the research, school administrators stated that the sports fields of the schools they work in were insufficient. In addition, school administrators regarding the adequacy of sports fields; He expressed the opinion that there should be indoor sports halls in schools and areas for sports in school gardens should be created. While the school administrators participating in the research stated that the school they work in needed sports fields, they expressed the opinion that they needed indoor and outdoor sports halls. In addition, it was concluded that the sports areas of the research group should be more useful, oriented to more than one sports branch, and the sports areas should be suitable for the level of students.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67492 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67492 İkram Unutur Studies have shown that information and technology shed light on our day, and rapid developments and new inventions make people's lives easier in many areas. It is not possible to think of technological developments and the education system separately. Information technology increases the competencies of individuals and makes people more equipped to reach the information society. The teacher has a great role in conveying the information to the student, gaining the research skills of the student and accessing the information with fast and effective means. The aim of this research is to reveal the effect of the use of smart boards on the teaching process based on the opinions of teachers. The study group of this research, which is a qualitative study, consists of 15 teachers who work in primary and secondary schools in the center and districts of Batman in the 2018-2019 academic year and have smart boards in their classrooms. In this study, a semi-structured interview form was used. For the reliability of the form, eight interviews were conducted as a pilot application. The data of the research were collected using semi-structured interview technique, one of the qualitative data collection techniques. The interviews were recorded on a voice recorder. Descriptive analysis technique was used to analyze the interview data of teachers working in primary and secondary schools and voluntarily participated in the research. In parallel with the rapid development of technology, which teachers observed while using smart boards in their schools, it has been observed that students learn faster and more effectively with the use of smart boards at all levels of education. Teachers believe that the use of smart boards has a positive effect on the teaching process, creates a more effective classroom environment, provides a visual material advantage, ensures active participation of the students in the lesson, keeps the teaching process alive, creates a faster and more effective learning environment, provides effective use of time, provides equipment and economy. indicated that it was economical. In addition, negatively, it was revealed that the smart board made the teacher accustomed to the readiness and distracted the students from the book   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67674 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67674 Polen Narlı In today's working life, organizations see their talented employees as their most important capital. In order for organizations to be successful, they need to give importance and value to their employees. A positive organizational climate perceived by the employees in an organization will positively affect their motivation, belonging, behavior and attitudes and will ensure the psychological well-being of the employees. Employees who feel good psychologically will increase their productivity, get satisfaction from their work, and develop positive relationships with other employees. Employees who feel psychologically good in an organization will be able to reflect the positive emotions they feel in their interactions with each other. This situation may cause employees to feel better in the working environment. Employees in businesses with a positive organizational climate will feel better. It can be said that businesses that can provide both a positive organizational climate and the psychological and well-being of their employees will gain superiority in the competition, their productivity and production quality will increase, they can provide customer satisfaction, a sense of belonging to the business will be formed among the employees, talented employees can be attracted to the business more easily and they can be successful with all of this. When the literature is examined, it has been observed that there are not many studies that include the relationship between organizational climate and psychological well-being. From this point of view, the aim of this study is; The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between organizational climate and psychological well-being within the scope of the literature. Within the scope of this review, the relationship between organizational climate and psychological well-being will be examined in the context of literature review by conducting domestic and foreign resource research on the subject.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67939 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67939 Ardahan YamandağBülent Altay The Import Substitution Industrialization Policy was followed until the period of January 24, 1980. Along with these decisions; upon the liberalization of our country's economic policies and the implementation of the policies of opening up, the Banking Crises since the 1990s, with the effect of the lack of basic rules in the banking sector, which is one of the three main pillars of the finance sector (Banking, insurance, securities) and some mistakes in practices. In addition, serious crises have been experienced in the return of the loans given by the effect of the economic crisis, within the scope of the banks giving the deposits they collect as a loan due to their duties (the banks that have the authority to collect deposits in their establishment). With the emergence of negativities, banking crises and accordingly bad loans (NPL) have emerged. "Credit Guarantee Fund" (KGF), which contributes positively to these problems to a certain extent, is an important practice in reducing these problems. In this study, banking crises and how they cause bad loans, how these effects are reflected on the banking system, and Credit Guarantee Fund (KGF) applications, which can be a solution to bad loans to some extent, will be examined   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67966 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67966 İsmet Kürşat Karademir In the study, procurement process of a long and medium-range air defense missile system that is not in Turkey's inventory in terms of weapon systems was evaluated with the balance of power approach, which is a stance and policy that protects itself against another nation or group of nations by balancing the power of a nation or group of nations against the power of the other side in international relations. Among the many propositions about international politics, the balance of power theory is one of the most studied subjects, and in this study, it is conceptually and briefly explained in a general way. In the continuation of the study, the importance of Turkey's need for an air defense system, the way this need came to the agenda and the announcement of this need to the public were expressed. In the Air Defense Missile tender executed by Turkey, China's FD-2000, France-Italy partnership Samp-T, Russia's S-300 and USA's Patriot missile systems were examined, and attempts made by Turkey regarding the supply of air defense missile system alternatives and processes were evaluated within the framework of the balance of power theory, which was specified separately for each system, and the process carried out regarding the supply of the Russian-origin S-400 Air Defense Missile System was examined in the axis of theory. In the procurement of air defense missile systems, Turkey has spared time and shown interest in all alternatives and has carried out the procurement process with the conditions it has defined within the framework of its national interests. While it has lost a certain amount of time within the framework of the process, it has been observed that this process is carried out at the expense of Turkey giving up the benefits provided by the F-35 fighter jet, which is approaching the procurement phase from the USA though Turkey was a production partner.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67969 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67969 Murat Öntürk Esra Demir Öztürk ,Hatice Öntürk Akyüz Migration is defined as the temporary or permanent movement of individuals, families or society from one country to another country, from one settlement unit to another settlement unit or from one place to another place due to various reasons. According to another definition, migration is a geographic and social transformation process that indicates people changing places due to various reasons. Migration is one of the most important social events that cause a radical change in human life. Mankind has migrated voluntarily or compulsorily throughout history. Migration variety and migration rate have increased day by day worldwide. So, almost all human communities have suffered from migration concept from time to time. The reasons for migration could be examined by dividing into two groups social and individual. Among social reasons; there are political situations, economic difficulties, political changes, some cultural/social events, and natural disasters. Health problems, education, unemployment or better working conditions etc. are individual reasons. Migrations might be national, international or voluntary. Migration might cause not only dislocation but also social, psychological, economic, political and cultural changes. This situation might affect the lives of migrating individuals, families and society negatively, deteriorating dynamics. These changes might affect not only all family members but also children who receive education. The most important request of families who suffer from migration is to provide a better future for their children. Unfortunately, immigrant children challenge with multidimensional problems caused by migration and try also to receive their education. The majority has interrupted their education but some have strongly held on to life thanks to their education. This study was performed as a review to examine the social and psychological difficulties of immigrant children during their educational lives.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68039 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68039 Mehmet CANÇELİK This study aims to examine the effect of consumers' demographic characteristics on their willingness to pay (WTP) for organic foods. In this context, a survey was conducted with the participation of 350 consumers living in Şanlıurfa in August and September of 2022 in order to provide data for the study. The questionnaire form was prepared according to the contingent valuation method, which is one of the stated preference approaches. In addition, a double-bounded dichotomous choice format was preferred to reveal the value of willingness to pay. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the average willingness to pay for organic food compared to non-organic food was 58.9%. In addition, it was concluded that gender had no effect on willingness to pay for organic food. But, the age, marital status, income and education level of the consumer affect their willingness to pay. Accordingly, the results show that young, married, high-income and educated individuals are willing to pay more premiums for organic food.  In the calculations made according to different categories of demographic characteristics, those aged between 18-29, university graduates, married and those with an income of over 15,000 TL constitute the consumer profile with the highest willingness to pay. The willingness of a consumer with these characteristics to pay for organic food was calculated as 81%. 2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68166 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68166 Haydar Taşçılar Since the 19th century, art has been identified with aestheticism, in an autonomous field from life. When we look at the history of aesthetics, the history of forms has inevitably been seen. This period, defined by the formal characters of the manifestos, emerged with the bourgeoisie's emphasis on the "new". The first objection to this definition was made by Dada, and aesthetic art was completely rejected based on the utilitarian relationship of the bourgeoisie with art. This attitude of Dada placed art in a frameless field for a while in terms of definition, but gained the label of anti-art as art again, with the bourgeoisie accepting many Dada works, including Duchamp's Fountain, into their museums. Art expanded its borders after the break brought by Dada, and its relationship with life was tried to be restored with different artistic movements. The first of these is Abstract Expressionism, which breaks away from the work-oriented understanding of art of modern aesthetics with the blurring of the line between life and art, and emphasizes the creation process. In this way, which is pointed out by Abstract Expressionism, Neo-Dada artists have completely transcended the idea of classical works and revealed brand new art production possibilities. Attitudes such as emphasizing ordinary materials, creating short-lived works, and ignoring the artist's technical skills, and discourses about life were brought to the fore. This attitude, unlike the one in Dada, was put forward by staying within the definition of art, not as a wholesale objection to art. In this direction, while Dada's criticism of art was considered unsuccessful by some critics, on the other hand, this situation was accepted as a success by redefining art in a broader framework. The revolutionary character of Dada, positioned directly opposite to art and based on an alternative definition of art to aesthetics, is influenced by Neo-Dada and subsequent Pop Art, Neo-Realism, Phenomenalism, Junk Art, Happening, Fluxus, etc. It has been aestheticized in a wide framework by artistic attitudes. This aestheticization has been read as a disappointment by some writers and as a victory by others. The aim of this study is right here, on the research of new artistic attitudes, which are possible based on whether art can be defined as a permanent revolution as in Dada. The limit of the research was determined as between 1900 and 1960 between Dada and Neo-Dada.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68187 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68187 Simge Deniz Demirel The digital age is reshaping our daily life practices and forms of communication within the framework of its unique cultural dynamics. Undoubtedly, digital media, which are the main actor and determinant of this age, should be subjected to a multidimensional evaluation in terms of the advantages and risks it contains. When these environments, which are heavily used by children and young people today, are viewed critically, it becomes possible to access quality information and the opportunities provided by digital media come to the fore. In cases where digital media are not viewed critically and used consciously, it is seen that digital media contain an area of ethical problems for children and young people and cause various digital diseases such as digital obesity by creating addiction. In this study, children's digital media addiction is discussed and the concept of digital obesity is introduced, and then a descriptive analysis of newspaper articles on children's digital media addiction and the fact of digital obesity is carried out. The findings reveal that the news in the sampled newspapers mostly provide general information about children's digital addiction and establish the relationship between digital addiction and digital obesity in a limited way. In addition, it is seen that the number of news items about implementations aiming to protect children from digital addictions and digital obesity is low, and it is thought that these news should be increased and presented in a way that informs, stimulates and mobilizes the reader.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68191 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68191 Kubilay GürbüzYasin Bol As a traditional Turkish Music form, taksims are of great importance for instrument performers in terms of demonstrating their technical mastery and compositional abilities and displaying their limits in this regard. However, improvisations performed by the performers are a form of performance that is learned and developed by listening and imitating by the student outside of instrument training, not by an educational method, but by following an external way. As a matter of fact, the subject of Taksim, which is very difficult to listen to and imitate the masters in terms of Turkish Music instruments, to build their own compositions, is still learned by those concerned in a similar way to the old-fashioned “meşk” practices, and the method is suggested by the educators. Improvisation in the sense of improvisation and cadenza etc. in other music genres other than and different from Turkish music. Taksim form, which we are accustomed to seeing, listening to and performing in the understanding of makam music, even if it is defined by other words; due to its performance, mode structure and style, it has characteristics that distinguish it from similar improvisation-based practices in other music genres. Both the structural features of the instruments and the musical understanding that creates the dynamics of the relevant music genre determine and differentiate the shape and style features of improvisation-based performance within music genres in different geographies. In this study; In the 3rd part of the Clarinet Concerto, which is used by Istemihan Taviloğlu in the Concerto form, which is one of the most important forms of Classical Music, the “Taksim” note is dropped and the part that is transferred to the notation is included in the analysis.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68193 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68193 Hasan Çınar The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the practice method on the learning of the fencing sword branch and on the visual reaction time. The research was designed in the pretest-posttest model with experimental and control groups.40 students studying in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades of Sakarya University Physical Education and Sports Teaching and Sports Management Departments in the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year and enrolled in the educational games course participated in the research, and according to the measurement results, the experiment with similar characteristics in both groups ( 12) and control (12) groups, a total of 24 students were included in the study. In the research, a sword reaction and training dummy developed by Ramadan (2017) was used to measure the reaction time. Observation forms developed by the researchers were used to measure the skills in the fencing sword branch. The lessons were taught using the practice method for 12 weeks in the experimental group and the command method in the control group. Descriptive statistics, dependent and independent groups t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the data obtained from the research.As a result of the research, the students who made up the experimental group; manual trial 3 strokes, 4 strokes, 5 strokes, automatic trial 5 strokes and automatic trial 10 strokes; On the other hand, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the posttest between the manual trial 4 strokes and 5 strokes pretest-posttest reaction times of the students in the control group. When the differences in the pre-test and post-test reaction time scores of the students in the experimental and control groups, who were taught by the practice and command method, were compared, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in favor of the control group, only in manual trial 3 strokes and automatic trial 10 strokes. In the study, significant differences were found in favor of posttest scores in both methods in learning sword branch skills. When the achievement scores of the students in the experimental and control groups were compared, it was determined that there were significant differences in favor of the experimental group in terms of angard, walking backward, arm extension, step lunge, 3 hits, 4 hits, 5 hits, 5 parads and 4 paradriposts.there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups only in the manual trial, 3 strokes and 10 strokes in the automatic experiment. In the research, it was determined that both the practice and command methods in the learning of fencing sword skills resulted in significant differences in favor of the students' posttest scores. When the achievement scores of the students in the experimental and control groups were compared, it was determined that there were significant differences in favor of the experimental group in the angard, back walking, arm extension, step lunge, 3 hits, 4 hits, 5 hits, 5 parad and 4 paradripost skills.     2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68267 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=68267 Huri Deniz Karcı Artificial intelligence practices have become a phenomenon which displays its impact on many areas such as medicine, industrial manifacturing, education, sports and marketing world. Deepfake applications, a deep learning tool, have started to be used as one of AI technologies whose impact has been gradually felt in communication technologies in recent years. Disadvantages are remarkable despite its advatages in this technological innovation, which was applied for its usage in advertising after its usage in cinema, education, political arena. The aim of the study is to make a deep analysis of the usage of deepfake practices in advertising with all advantages and disadvantages. The study method was determined as case study as a qualitative research method, which was based on Ziraat Bank “SenHepGülümse” commercial film casting dear departed actor Kemal Sunal as the first-known deepfake commercial example. The case was deeply studied with descriptive analysis within the framework of  commercial impressum, deepfake types and five ideas with pros and cons. The five ideas were developed under the umbrella of the usage of deepfake technology in advertising  and based on Neil Postman’s five idea-perspective about new technological changes. Besides, deepfake types were formed according to Kietzmann et. al.’s deepfake categorization. As a conclusion of the study; however positive effects of this technology such as providing easiness beyond limitations and presenting creative techniques beyond the era may exist; some disadvantages in terms of consumers’ misperception of reality and distrust in advertising and ethical and legal issues for advertising culture are available. The analyses and conclusions of the study is thought to conribute to digital identity building as digital literacy principle and raising awareness among consumers, advertisers and researchers.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67697 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67697 Sümeyra Merve Özcan Bahar Güdek With the development of information and communication technologies, the concept of mobile learning has emerged and the use of mobile applications for education has become widespread. Although there are various mobile applications created for vocal education, the number of these applications is increasing day by day..This study, which was conducted to examine the mobile applications used for vocal education, is a descriptive study aiming to determine the situation and reach various conclusions and suggestions. In the research, in order to determine the mobile applications used for vocal education, a search was made on the Google Play Store and the App Store using the titles of vocal training, vocal exercises and online vocal lessons. As a result of the scanning of the applications, 10 applications were selected among the most voted and highest-rated educational mobile applications developed for vocal education. In order to determine the accessibility of the applications, the opportunities it provides to the users, the technological opportunities it provides for vocal education and the educational content, 22 features were determined and the data obtained within the framework of these features were analyzed with qualitative analysis methods. It has been seen that some of the applications examined include instructional videos, allow the person to analyze or choose the type of voice, customize the exercises according to the vocal range, perceive the pitch/intonation of singing during the vocal exercise and have a scoring system at the end of the exercise, thus, meaningful results have been achieved, such as increasing the motivation for vocal education and facilitating learning.   2026-07-16 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67913 https://smartofjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=67913 Muhsin Özdemir Communication starts with in the birth of a social being called human. This natural process continues throughout the life, and the religion is one of the natural and main phenomenons. One of the most prominent developments of our day is technological innovations. This informatic evolution has taken its place among necessities of human life. The improvement in new media and communication has brought various advantages and threats to religions. These innovations will make different impacts on divine religions just as their social, political and cultural consequences. As a ‘’global village’’ our world is in the period of meeting new ways of communication and effecting our lives in every aspect. The religion is the communicative relationship between human and the higher being. Along with the presence of social media, the religions have started becoming digital. Religious websites that offer new pathway of socializing for individuals has taken the responsibility of providing accurate information to people. The following websites:             www.diyanet.gov.tr ,             www.vatican.va,             www.chabad.org, are within reach in a 1 minutes timetable. A crucial interface, new media which also contains websites has helped the information to be accessible all around the world, and effected communication policies of religions with their ways of getting in touch with new people. The cultural, economic, jural and economic structures diversifies the services, types, structures and speeches that is offered by new media.   2026-07-16