SOCIAL MENTALITY AND RESEARCHER THINKERS JOURNAL (SMART JOURNAL), Year 2022 Issue 63

Examination Of The Levels Of Altruism And Perceived Social Support In University Students

Asena Cebeci Hatice Şıngır — 2026-07-16

In this study, the relationship between the level of perceived social support and the level of altruism in university students was examined. Moreover, the study also investigated whether the total and subscale scores of perceived social support differ according to gender and whether the total and subscale scores of altruism differ according to gender and status of taking part in social responsibility projects. The correlational screening model was used in the research. The study group consisted of a total of 593 university students: 385 female and 208 male. A Personal Information Form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Altruism Scale were used for data collection. The analysis was performed in the SPSS 25.0 package program. As a result of the research, a weak, positive correlation was determined between university students’ level of perceived social support and their level of altruism. There was no significant difference in university students’ total and subscale scores of perceived social support in terms of gender whereas there was a significant difference in total and subscale scores of altruism. It was determined that university students’ total and subscale scores of altruism differed significantly according to the status of taking part in social responsibility projects. As a result of multiple linear regression analysis, it was concluded that family support, friend support, and specific support were significant predictors of altruism.

Dr. Alexander Zoeros Pasha (1842-1917): One of The First Bacteriologists

Mustafa Hayırlıdağ — 2026-07-16

Alexander Zoeros Pasha is a scientist who was trained in a military medical school in the Ottoman State. He rose to the rank of general and participated in many wars. Zoeros Pasha, who is also prominent with his scientist identity, went to meet with Pasteur and returned to the country after receiving education with him. He became a pioneer in rabies vaccine studies by establishing the first bacteriology room in the Ottoman Empire and eastern countries. They are a value with many awards and badges.

Dark Triad (D3) Scale Development and Initial Validation Studies-I

Berra BekiroğluArkun Tatar — 2026-07-16

The “dark triad” has become a popular area of research with the growing interest in identifying traits that reflect the dark, undesirable and aversive side of personality. In order to assess these properties, various measurement tools have been developed that measure constructs both as independently and as composite. Although some of these scales have been translated and adapted into Turkish, there is not available dark triad scale that developed in Turkish. In addition, especially in the Turkish literature, it is seen that the dark triad is mostly discussed in the context of studies in the field of industrial and organizational psychology, and the studies that examine the relationships between clinical cases and the dark triad are limited. In line with all these, a two-stage study design was planned in order to develop the Turkish dark triad scale, to test the psychometric properties of the scale, and to examine the relationship of the dark triad with clinical cases. In this study, which involved the first stage, the processes of item selection, determination of the factor structure, and examination of the psychometric properties of the selected items were carried out in order to develop the dark triad scale. This study includes two applications. First of all, an item pool consisting of 221 personality descriptive terms was created, and the first application was carried out with a group of 10 experts to evaluate the conformity of the item pool. As a result of the application, the item pool was revised to include 220 statements. In the second application, 529 people aged between 17-56 responded 220 items. The analysis of the data was carried out by using the item analysis and factor analysis methods repetitively. As a result of the analysis, 55 items were selected, and it was seen that the items named "Dark Triad (D3) Scale" explained 39.53% of the total variance with a three-factor structure. The internal consistency reliability coefficients of these factors, called as Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy, were calculated as 0.93, 0.90 and 0.90, respectively. The results obtained were discussed in line with the relevant literature, and it was seen that the D3 Scale largely met the basic psychometric requirements, provided that it was supported by validity studies.

The Effect Of Energy Consumption On Environmental Degradation With Selected Basic Indicators: An ARDL Approach

Maide Betül Aksoy Orhan Çoban — 2026-07-16

The fact that the world is in a constant development and change, brings with the problem of environmental degradation. The rapid development of newly industrialized countries obliges the use of limited natural resources. As a result, more residues and wastes are exhaled to the nature, causing pollution and environmental degradation. The aim of this study is to investigate the linkage between economic growth, openness, industrial development and energy consumption in the transportation sector and environmental degradation in Turkey. In the study, the data for the years 1987-2018 were obtained from the World Bank database. In the analysis, Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root test was applied to determine the stationarity between the series. Based on the findings, the datasets were analyzed with the ARDL bounds test. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that there is a cointegration between economic growth, openness, industrial development and energy consumption in transportation sector and environmental degradation, and there is a long-term relationship between transportation sector energy consumption in transportation sector, economic growth, industrial development and trade openness and environmental degradation.

Covid-19 Control Perception Levels of Responsible Health Personnel in Crisis Management

Serpil Kaya Naim Karagöz — 2026-07-16

Crisis management; Sensing the pre-crisis symptoms, taking precautions and taking action, when the crisis occurs, trying to take it under control and to overcome it with the least damage. The Covid-19 epidemic has spread and affected the whole world. Since December 2019, the epidemic has been fought; education, health, economy, cultural, social etc. areas of crisis. The aim of the study is to try to determine the Covid-19 control perception levels of the responsible health personnel in crisis management. Crisis management scale and Covid-19 control perception scale were used in the study. According to the results obtained, the paths followed by the responsible health personnel in the Covid-19 epidemic generally used the methods of cooperating with the hospital senior management, short-term work, and paid leave. Administrative managers in factor analysis by occupation; According to doctors and nurses, the studies for the Covid-19 outbreak are sufficient. The reason for this is that the administrative managers find the work done enough because they work in the field; Since doctors and nurses take an active role in the treatment of patients, work intensively and are at the forefront in the fight against the epidemic, it is thought that the studies and measures are not sufficient according to the administrative managers. For a good crisis management in health services, emphasis should be placed on the selection of managers from experts in their fields, open to innovation, dynamic, forward-thinking and self-controlled, precautions should be taken for possible crisis situations, and exercises should be done.

Asymmetric Causality Analysis Of The Relationship Of Real Effective Exchange Rate, Cds, Policy Interest And Real Gdp Affecting BIST-100

Ali PetekMine Berra Doğaner ,Ceren Altun — 2026-07-16

The effects of the global financial crisis experienced after the increased capital mobility created financial resentment in almost all countries and created changes in macroeconomic indicators. Particularly fragile economies have been more affected in this developing process. Financial fragilities and hence monetary policies have become relatively important for Turkey, which is one of the fragile economies. For this reason, the sensitivity of BIST-100, which is one of the financial markets, to macroeconomic variables has gained importance. In this study, the macroeconomic variables of the stock prices traded in BIST-100 for the period 2010:Q2-2021:Q3 in Turkey; effect of real effective exchange rate, policy interest rate, credit default swap premium (CDS) and real gross national product (GDP); Hacker-Hatemi-J(2006) symmetric and Hatemi-J(2012) asymmetric causality analyzes were used. As a result of the research, a one-way causality relationship was found from CDS and real GDP to BIST-100 index. In the presence of a causal relationship from the shocks of macroeconomic variables to the Bist-100 index; a one-way causality relationship from real effective exchange rate, real GDP, policy rate shocks to BIST-100; Bidirectional causality relationship was found from CDS premium shocks to BIST-100 index.

The Effect Of Demographic Features On Consumer Perception In Brand Preference

A. Selçuk Köylüoğlu — 2026-07-16

Brands are the signs that distinguish the products of enterprises from the products of other enterprises. It is a concrete and abstract concept that serves this purpose as a combination of name, logo, icon, design and all of these. There are many brands that have proven themselves on a national and international scale. It is vital for businesses that consumers prefer these brands. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of demographic characteristics on the perceptions of university students, who are a potential consumer group, in brand preference. For this purpose, the research was carried out on students who continue their education at Selçuk University. It was held with 381 participants. The data were collected through a Google survey. A 5-point Likert scale was used. Mittal and Kamakura (2001) were used as a scale. Gender, age, education and income status were considered as demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics were made.According to the research findings, it has been determined that the demographic characteristics of consumers in brand preference are effective on consumer perception.

Animal, Language And Laughter: “The Fleeing Male/Female Is Chased”

Serhat Soyşekerci — 2026-07-16

This article is a trilogy of animal, laughter and the language. Similarly, this work is description from a literary and the philosophical point of view. First of all, laughing, which is different from laughter, leaves a humorous aftertaste, but laughter is hope against the pain. However, pleasure is not the opposite of pain, and pleasure is about violence. Therefore, laughter against pain is an individual and concrete primordial impulse. Laughter is the limit of language, both in terms of its dimensions and human nature, as well as animal nature. Laughter emerges from the pain, kneads it and, just like instinct, matures the pain and turns it into a pure form of expression. Because the structure of the language we build with images always determines the structure of reality. In this sense, laughter is the limits of language; “the fleeing male/female is chased”. So is language; one day, it takes refuge in the humor of the humor, and one day it becomes the irresistible reality of seriousness. After all, what we call reality is nothing but our images for each of us.

An Investigation On Hyperrealist Approaches In Painting

Okan Boydaş Hüseyin Öcal — 2026-07-16

This study aims to analyze the Hyperrealist approaches in today's Painting Art and the emotional realism analyzes of the artists who use this approach. Realism, which developed as a reaction to the Romanticism movement, was influenced by the invention of the camera. However, it is also known that before realism, primitive image reflection devices that would contribute to the art of painting were studied. The efforts of the artists to transfer nature to the canvas as it is and their indifference to the technological developments of their own period have continued until today. The emergence of modern art movements after realism negatively affected the popularity of figurative painting. However, the fact that Pop Art brought the figure to the forefront made the attitude of the Realists more prominent and allowed them to produce works in this context. In this context, the main purpose of the research will be to analyze and analyze the feelings, thoughts and impressions of the artists together with their works, what kind of developments and technical progress the realist approaches in painting have made since the 1970s and before, thanks to today's technology. In the research, the qualitative research method based on the general survey model was used. In the research process, in terms of obtaining qualitative data; document analysis technique is also included.

The Use Of Technology In Education During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Durmuş Ali ErdoğanAbdulmuttalip Şefkatli ,Özkan Yenigün ,Hamza Güdük — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to examine the studies that include the thoughts of students, teachers, administrators and parents in distance education by considering the example of Turkey in the Covid-19 process. First, the distance education process, Covid-19 virus, and the effect of the pandemic were investigated, then some studies on the use of technology in education were examined and opinions were collected. As a result of the researches reviewed, it was seen that the majority of the teachers and students who participated in the studies were satisfied with the distance education studies, continuing the curriculum came to the fore in the order of importance of the administrators, and the parents were generally satisfied with the process. It is given that the studies examined within the scope of the compilation are many in number and diverse in content, what are the problems encountered within the scope of distance education and how they can be solved. Suggestions such as adding forms to web pages and providing various trainings are presented to help future studies.

Executive Teacher Communication in Primary And Secondary Schools

Mesut ButtanrıSeda Kaya ,Mahmut Alak ,Ozan Aydın ,Zafer Tuncay — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of primary/secondary school principals' communication skills, communication between administrators and teachers, educational activities, school organization and school climate. A total of 12 primary secondary school principals working in primary and secondary schools participated in this study, which was carried out in the qualitative research method and case study design. Easily accessible sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used to determine the participants of the study. In the collection of research data, a semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher in accordance with the relevant literature and the aims of the research was used. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data. In primary/secondary schools, there is a communication disorder caused by not trying to understand each other in the communication between the parties, in the communication between the principals and teachers in primary/secondary schools, there is no respect and understanding towards each other, and in order for the participants to have a healthier communication, training, seminars and group meetings are organized by organizing the administrators and teachers. It is seen that the ideal communication between administrators and teachers should be in mutual respect, trust and sincerity. Training, seminars and group meetings should be organized to solve the problems experienced in the communication of administrators and teachers, and administrators and teachers should be provided to act together. In order for the ideal communication to be established between the administrators and the teachers, the parties should be sincere to each other and act with a sense of respect and trust. In order to solve the incomplete communication, the parties should learn to listen to each other and show mutual respect and empathy for each other.

Comparative Content Analysis of Programming Primitives Course in 2018 and 2020 Framework Curriculum of Information Technologies

2026-07-16

Qualitative research approach was adopted in this study, in which the Programming Primitives Course in the Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School Information Technologies Field 2018 and 2020 Framework Curriculum was subjected to comparative content analysis. In this study, in which document analysis method was used as a research method, content analysis was used in data analysis. Programming Fundamentals Course is seen as an important course in the first meeting with programming in the field of Information Technologies and in later programming learning. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that there were twenty acquisitions in the 2018 curriculum, while there were twenty-nine acquisitions in the 2020 curriculum. While IT ethics and information security issues were included in the 2018 curriculum, it was observed that these topics were not included in the 2020 curriculum. While block-based programming was not included in the 2018 curriculum, it was seen in the 2020 curriculum. As a result of the evaluations, suggestions are given in the conclusion part.

Determination of Graphic Literacy Levels of Primary Teacher Candidates

Fatih Sezek — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to determine the types of graphics that primary school teacher candidates will prefer in reading and drawing graphics and to determine the level of reading and graphic drawing skills given in different types of graphics. Therefore, a descriptive research model was chosen to determine students' graphic literacy levels. The sample of the study; It consists of a total of 71 participants, 43 of whom are first-year students and 28 of whom are third-year students studying in the department of primary school teacher education. In the research, a graphic test consisting of four parts was used as a measurement tool. For the validity of the test, it was submitted to the opinion of two teachers and two professors from Science Education, and necessary corrections were made upon the recommendations. Types of graphics that students prefer to read in the first part of the test, graphic types they prefer in drawing in the second part, graphic reading skills in the third part and the fourth part consists of determining the graphic drawing skills. In the measuring tool; Five different types of graphics are included. The answers given by the students participating in the study to the first and second parts of the test were calculated as frequency, and the answers to the third and fourth parts of the test were calculated as scores. In the third part, different graphs were given to the students and they were asked to evaluate them open-ended. In the fourth section, they were asked to draw the graphs that were told from the data given in tabular form and student answers for each question were evaluated in four categories: graphic title, axis titles, indicators, and graphic drawing. Each category is 5 points. Each question is a total of 20 points over these four categories. In addition, it was understood that the pre-service teachers rarely encountered the radar chart from their own statements. Accordingly, it has been determined that the success in reading and drawing the radar graph has decreased. As a result of the data obtained from the study, it was determined that the pre-service teachers knew at a high level in reading and drawing line and column chart types, but they were insufficient in the Area, Ring and Radar chart types they were less familiar with. In addition, it has been determined that it is the radar chart type that teacher candidates have the most difficulty because they have encountered the least. We think that the results obtained from this research will be a guide in the teaching of graph drawing and interpretation skills.

Examination Of The Relationship Between Performance Anxiety And Self-Regulatory Learning Skills Of Music Teacher Candidates

Bahar Güdek Şule Aydın — 2026-07-16

In this study, the relationship between music performance anxiety of undergraduate students receiving vocational music education and their self-regulated learning skills is examined. The research was conducted based on the descriptive relational survey model. The scale of Research 2019-2020 academic year is applied, sample Turkey's faculties of 11 universities in various provinces in seven regions of music education of the Department 1 and a total of 239 students attending the 4-year degree. As a data collection tool, "Personal Information Form" was used to obtain information about students' demographic characteristics. In the study, the "Self-Regulating Learning Skills Scale" (LSAS), which consists of 41 items in total, was developed by Turan (2009) to determine the self-regulation skills of students receiving vocational music education, and Çiçek (2020) adapted it into Turkish to measure students' performance anxiety and was validated. The Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Scale (KMPKE) consisting of 33 items was used. All statistical analyzes in the study were made with the SPSS 25 program. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research; the music performance anxiety of the students participating in the study is generally at a moderate level, gender, class level, type of instrument played, instrument playing history, concert performance, daily instrument working hours cause a significant difference on music performance anxiety levels, while the university and graduate students High school type music does not cause significant differentiation on performance levels. It was observed that there is a negative relationship between self-regulated learning skill levels and music performance anxiety levels in terms of general and all dimensions. It was observed that the increase in the self-regulated learning skill levels of the students caused a decrease in their music performance anxiety levels. In other words, a decrease in the self-regulated learning skill level causes an increase in music performance anxiety levels. This situation reveals that the person who can do self-regulation during the education does not have any performance anxiety.

A Study on the Study of Artificial Intelligence Anxiety

Serpil Sevimli Deniz — 2026-07-16

In the study, it is aimed to examine the anxiety situations created by artificial intelligence applications, which are a part of life, on verbal and numerical intelligence. For this purpose, the study was carried out with 384 science and social studies teachers working in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. In the study, the artificial intelligence anxiety scale (NIS) consisting of 21 items, which was validated and reliable by Terzi (2020) and developed by Wang & Wang (2019), was used. The data were obtained by random sampling via an online survey. SPSS package program was used in the evaluation of the data. The data were examined and it was determined that they showed normal distribution. T-test was used in paired group comparisons, and variance analysis was used in comparisons if the number of groups was more than two. 384 teachers, 200 of whom were social sciences and 184 were science teachers, participated in the research. 16 of the participants in the study are doctoral, 120 graduate, 248 undergraduate. 16 PhD graduates are also scientists. Considering the age group, there are 24 people between the ages of 24-30, 96 people between the ages of 31-37, and 264 participants over the age of 38. It has been determined that the artificial intelligence anxiety levels of young people are lower. While the average of artificial intelligence anxiety of social scientists is 82, the average of artificial intelligence anxiety of scientists is 64.11. The artificial intelligence anxiety average of women is higher than that of men. But the difference is not significant. The average of artificial intelligence anxiety of doctoral graduates is the lowest. The use of artificial intelligence tool reduces the average of artificial intelligence anxiety.

A Turkish Tribe On Byzantine And Russian Territory: Pechenegs

Gurban Hüseynov — 2026-07-16

The Peceneks, who lived together with Turgesh in the Issik lake and the Ili basin, had to migrate later with the power of the Karluk in the region. As a result, the Uzs were separated from their homeland and as the Uzs migrated west, the Pechenegs came to Idil lengths and settled here. In the Idil region, the Hazars have joined the Oğuzs and fought the Pechenegs who are neighbors, and they have taken them out of this area. In the face of this situation, the Pechenegs have also made the Hungarians their own dormitories and made their homes to the north of the Black Sea. In the north of the Black Sea, the Pechenegs, who lived their lives during the 150-year period, first established relations with the Russians and then with the Byzantine. The Pechenegs, who have no specific centers, have attacked Russian territory in the region and made looting movements. In their time period in the north of the Black Sea, they blocked their plan to land in the warm seas by blocking the Russians. Pechenegs, who fought the Russians until 1036, were not involved in the resources since then. The Pechenegs, who migrated from the north of the Black Sea to the Balkans, have also been neighbors here with Byzantine. Although the Byzantine Empire tried to get along with them and the initial relationships began commercially, the Pechenegs did not hesitate to enter Byzantine territory and plunder, and as a result, relations were broken and wars began between the parties. Knowing that he could not fight the Turks alone, Byzantine has eliminated them using Cuman-Kipczak against the Pechenegs. Living in the Balkans, the Pechenegs lost their military power completely after being defeated by Cuman-Kipczak and spread out in groups and moved on.

From Antiqueity To Modernism, Perspective As A Formal Determinant In Painting

Haydar Taşçılar — 2026-07-16

Perspective has taken its place as one of the important phenomena in the history of art, shaping the logic of the gaze, both in a linear sense in the direction of its technical development and in the reversal of its logic in the direction of religion. The linear perspective has undergone a historical transformation as symbolic forms of different paradigms, from its earliest applications in ancient times to modern times. This transformation has to be read with ups and downs in line with both the social and scientific facts of the period, not in the way that a progressive view, in which history flows in a straight line, would be defined. Theoretical studies have been carried out in the field of perspective, starting from the Egyptian civilization until Heytham's studies in the field of optics, and the first application was found in the ancient period. The perspective, which was instrumentalized as a decor in order to increase the audience's perception of reality in the arrangement of the theater stages of the ancient period, was excluded from Plato's state together with the artist who created hollow illusions, and this situation continued in the Middle Ages, when the church dominated art. The painting production logic of the period was based on a conscious rejection of the singular point of view of linear perspective. Thus, God's multiple gaze will be able to spread to all followers one by one. In addition to this formal preference, of course, there is also the idea of objecting to the pushing of the sacred to the second plan by putting the individual in the center. In the divine paradigm of the Middle Ages, which lasted about a thousand years, the first break occurred with the linear perspective based on Isaac Newton's gravitational mechanics. The linear perspective, which was rejected in reaching the divine in the Middle Ages, became a goal in the Renaissance and was accepted as the basic criterion of art production. The paradigmatic break, in which the linear perspective caused the transition from the Middle Ages to the New Age, appeared at the end of the 19th century, this time in the transition from Renaissance to modern art. This break was realized by consciously removing the linear perspective from the center of art production. The linear perspective, which represents the importance of science against the divine, has been pushed out of art production in modern art. Understanding this objection requires a different reading than the previous one. The re-denial of perspective in modern art is not a question of the re-importance of the divine before science, nor as a vice-versa definition. When modernism is considered as an artistic period, it is more possible to define the objection to the perspective that started with the post-impressionists within the framework of the realities of this period. This symbolic form should be read in line with the scientific developments of the age, beyond being a mere artistic tool. The acceptance of multiple perspectives in time and space, based on Einstein's special and general relativity theories after Newton, inevitably brought up an objection to the linear perspective dominated by a single perspective. On the other hand, when social events are taken into account, it has brought the necessity of explaining the post-Dada art with art production in the sense of a conscious attack on modernism after the Post-Impressionists and Cubists. In this research, rather than describing the uses of perspective in different periods in a straight historical line, it is aimed to emphasize the ruptures it created in historical paradigms that lasted for hundreds of years as a formal method in art production, and to underline its approval as a symbolic form in making new definitions. Due to the impossibility of examining each concept in depth, the spread of the subject in a very wide area historically has been limited by the detailed investigation of the path followed by the linear perspective in particular, and revealing its weight in the determination of the paradigm of the period in the art of painting, based on the definitions that shape the era in general.

Lessons To Be Learned From The Important Consequences Of The 14th Century Place Output In The World And The Covid 19 Pandemic

Funda CivekAbdoulwaed Aboudaber — 2026-07-16

The death, called the dark age, which began in 1346, caused the death of millions of people and deeply affected society psychologically, becoming the greatest fear of society. As a result of the deaths that cannot be determined exactly, the economic and sociological structure of the world has completely changed. Even after these events improved, the effect on people continued for a long time. The black death has been the biggest threat to humanity, causing the death of 40% of the European population. The plague epidemic has disrupted the trade structure of the countries they infect. The main reason for the devastating socioeconomic effects of the plague experienced during this period lies in the frightening fact that deaths are sudden and rapid and spread, regardless of which microbe or virus it is caused by.14.with the plague epidemic of the century, commercial life passed from the cities to the countryside, the nobility began to pay more attention to the working class, as a result of deaths, wealth ownership or inheritance records also disappeared, and wealth ownership in Europe began to pass out of the hands of those who acquired it and into the hands of others. Social classification has almost reached the point of extinction, and the nobles have begun to make concessions that have never been seen in their history in order not to give up their own comfort. Increasing agriculture has declined, and livestock has taken its place more. People with decreased religious feelings and decreased trust in the church became more fatalistic, moreover, they preferred luxury to economic one to get rid of pessimism. As a result, it paved the way for popular uprisings and awakenings in post-period Europe. From this point of view, in the study, the social and economic life before and after the plague, the experiences after the plague were mentioned, and in the conclusion part, a brief evaluation was made in terms of similarities and differences.

Divorce Events InThe Ottoman Society In The 18th Century

Rümeysa Kars — 2026-07-16

In the historical process, the family institution has always maintained its importance in Turkish society. Family formation has always been an incentive for the society to maintain a solid structure. Even if an increase in the number of spouses has been followed in some matters such as any accident that one of the spouses had after marriage, longing for a child, monogamy has been dominant in the Turkish family structure in general. In addition, some problems that could not be resolved within the family brought about the emergence of some unrest that prevented the preservation of family integrity. Such unrest in the family has been tried to be resolved primarily through the mediation activities of some people who are considered respectable in the eyes of individuals and society. The maintenance of the family institution has always been important in this sense. Because the family means bringing a new generation to the society by raising them in the best way possible, so its preservation is of great importance. In addition, although divorce cases are an undesirable concept, in some cases they have been deemed necessary. Many issues such as physical violence by family members, absence of one of the spouses in residence for a long time, marriages without consent are some of the reasons for the end of the concept of marriage. In the Ottoman social structure, the events of the family structure ending somehow are also encountered for different reasons; the difficulties faced by women in these events; The protection of women's rights before the state and society has been handled within the scope of Seriyye Registries.

Medical Promotion And Marketing During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Yasin Yılmaztürk — 2026-07-16

Today although the negative economic, cultural, social, physical and psychological impacts of Covid-19 which was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 and has globally affected the whole world are decreasing, they still continue. Besides the negative impacts of the pandemic in the field of health, rapid transition to the digital environment has affected all promotion and marketing sectors negatively. Firms have continued to dominate in the market by using the digital platform intensely in the area of marketing and adapting the promotion strategies of most materials such as medical equipment and cosmetic products into the pandemic. During this period, the development and medical promotion of vaccines which play a key role in protecting from this disease that has become a nightmare especially for communities and caused enormous losses of life have contributed to raising awareness in people. People began to have a desire to know medical equipment, have knowledge of this equipment and even store it especially at the beginning of the pandemic. As the lifestyle of community changes, the medical promotion and marketing strategies of firms and the products they produce change. Pandemics will apparently continue to influence society and their habits even if they end.

The Reasons of the Principals Working in Primary and Secondary Schools Applying Mobbing to Teachers

2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to explain the reasons why the administrators working in primary and secondary schools apply mobbing to teachers. Mobbing can be explained as preventing a targeted individual's activities, disturbing the individual, making them unhappy and leaving the school. In this study, it was tried to determine the reasons why teachers working in primary schools in Diyarbakır province Bağlar district were the target of mobbing behaviors. The research was conducted with 100 teachers working in Bağlar district of Diyarbakır province. The research shows us that teachers are exposed to psychological violence. Mobbing situations; threatening with words, excessive control, humiliation, ignoring the person, and overloading. The effects of psychological violence on individuals; anxiety, burnout, staying silent, low motivation, stress, decreased self-confidence and negatively affecting family life. For teachers, this is important.

Newspaper's Approach To Political Parties: A Review On Sözcü Newspaper

Öznur Nalçınkaya — 2026-07-16

The reliability of the mass media and the necessity of displaying an impartial attitude have been largely defined as a feature of these tools. In fact, it is accepted as essential to approach the issues raised through mass media not only with an impartial approach, but also with an objective attitude. Thanks to this strategy, the news can be presented in an impartial way. It also allows the audience to make decisions without any influence from the media. However, especially since the birth of the printing press, the political bias that emerged through these tools has always been among the topics discussed. Political events that occur both before and after the election processes are transformed into news texts through newspapers and announced to the reader. But are the headlines, discourses or news texts of political parties presenting the stories about the events a reflection of the truth? If all newspapers are reporting the same event, why are there different newspapers? In this regard, the history of communication studies has shown that the press is an ideological tool, and that it is one of the channels where the differences of opinion between different groups are experienced intensely. In this study, it has been tried to examine to what extent a newspaper gave place to which political party in the periods after the results of the 26th Term General Elections held on November 1, 2015. In order to achieve the aim, Sözcü newspaper, which is one of the most read newspapers in Turkey, was selected and it was examined how much the newspaper included the current political parties and how it presented its news. The publications of the aforementioned newspaper between February 22, 2018 and March 12, 2018 were analyzed using quantitative content analysis and it was investigated whether the newspaper predicate codes reflect the election results and political parties. It has been researched how many texts and images are included in the news of political parties in the newspaper, and in which majority and context (positive/negative/neutral) political parties and their leaders are involved. In the analysis, the structure and meaning of newspaper news were evaluated at the level of words, paragraphs and the whole text. In the examination made, it was concluded that Sözcü newspaper mainly included neutral news after the aforementioned election, but took a stance on the side of the opposition.

School Administrators’ Opinions Related Training And Appointments Of School Administrators

Özkan Güden Cansu Güden — 2026-07-16

In this study,it is aimed to determine the opinions of the school administrators related the training and appointment of the school administrators.In the process of the study, a literature review was conducted about the training and appointment of school administrators, and interviews were conducted with school administrators.The study is organized according to the phonomenological pattern of qualitative research methods.Structured interview forms were completed as a data collection tool. Descriptive analysis method was used in this research. The study group of the research is consisted of 25 school administrators from Asarcık in Samsun.In the research, questions are directed to the school administrators and opinions about them were stated. These questions are: Are the general conditions and criterions for choosing school administrators for educational institutions adequate? If not, which conditions should be included? What are your opinions about the training process of school administrators? What are your opinions on removing the shortcomings related to the training process of school administrators? What are your opinions on the appointment of school administrators? How do 4 and over 4 years assignments affect management processes (decision, planning, organizing, communication and evaluation)? Are the personal rights of the school administrators sufficient? How should regulations be made about the personal rights of school administrators? Finally, the resrarch subject was completed by reaching conclusions according to the data reached.

Self-Efficacy, Subjective Well-Being And Childhood Mental Traumas Among Adolescents Living In Monogamous And Polygamous Families

Eser Karal Hasan Atak — 2026-07-16

The main purpose of this study is to examine self-efficacy, subjective well-being and childhood mental traumas in adolescentsliving in monogamous and polygamous families and to investi gate whether childhood mental traumas, self-efficacy and subjective well-being differed according to some demographic variables. Relational screening model was used in the research in this descriptive study. The study group of the research consists of 649 individuals, % 50,2 (n=326) women and % 49,8 (n=323) men. As a data collection tool in the research; Personal Information Form (PIF), Childhood Mental Trauma Scale (CTS), Adolescent Subjective Well-Being Scale and Children's Self-Efficacy Scale were used. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t-Test, ANOVA basic statistics were used. As a result of the research, 18 participants (% 2,8) in the study group denied their trauma. Childhood mentaltraumas by gender. While it does not differentiate, it differs according to socioeconomic status and family structure. Participants' self-efficacydid not differ according to gender, socioeconomic status and family structure, but according to their denial of traumaappear to differ significantly. Subjective well-being of the participants did not differ according to gender, socioeconomic status and family structure, according to their denial of trauma differed significantly.