SOCIAL MENTALITY AND RESEARCHER THINKERS JOURNAL (SMART JOURNAL), Year 2021 Issue 40

DO WE WORK LESS TO BE HAPPY? THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HAPPINESS AND WORKING HOURS

Aysel ARSLAN,, Çetin BEKTAŞ — 2026-07-16

The most important value and purpose of human life is happiness. Happiness can be expressed as a state of feeling full of energy and being in a good mood. Happiness is not a kind of concept that exists only in social life and gives people motivation for social life. Many factors in working life will also affect people's happiness or unhappiness. Happiness in business life occurs with many positive attitudes and behaviors such as positive social relationships, appreciation, love, achievement, as well as positive evaluation of the work and working conditions. Thanks to happiness subjective well-being in business life affects the well-being of the group, this is reflected in the work done. According to the 2019 happiness report published by the United Nations, the study examines the correlation between working hours and happiness by comparing the ten happiest countries and the ten unhappiest countries in the world in terms of their legal working hours. In the study, a case study research design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The obtained data were analyzed by the content analysis method.

EXAMINATION OF FOOTBALL REFEREES PERCEPTION OF SATISFACTION IN MAKING DECISIONS DURING A MATCH

Murat TURAN,, Muhammet URAS — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was aimed to examine the perception of satisfaction of football referees in eastern Anatolia. The survey technique, which consists of two parts, was used in the research. In the first part, demographic characteristics were asked to the participants, and in the second part, Andrew et al. (2006), the scale that deals with the decision-making satisfaction of football referees was used. The scale has a likert type rating of 5 and consists of 9 items and a single factor. The cronbach alpha value of the scale was calculated as 0.85. Its adaptation to Turkish was adapted to Turkish by Can et al in 2014 and carried out with validity and reliability. Frequency analysis was performed to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants, and kurtosis and skewness tests were performed to determine the normal distribution suitability of the scales. Data collection tools were applied to a total of 134 football referees, 124 of whom were men and 10 of whom were women, consisting of individuals who were football referees during the 2019-2020 football season. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the perception of satisfaction with the referee's decision differed in the total score according to the gender variable (2,978), (,003*), and it was observed that male participants had a higher average than female participants.

SUGGESTIONS FOR RESEARCHING THE POSSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES OF THE GNAT (GRAND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF TURKEY) AS THE LEGISLATIVE BODY THROUGH ELECTRONIC MEANS AND MORE ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES

Hakan YILDIRIM, — 2026-07-16

The principle accepted as the indisputable basic element of democratic constitutional understanding of knowledge today is the separation of powers and these are called as legislative-executive-judiciary. Of course, legislation is a process. The process that starts with the emergence of a sociological need in various areas of life, ideally passes through the draft-draft-enactment processes after the opinions of all stakeholders are received. It is of great importance that all stakeholders receive their views on the law in the formation process. In essence, laws are prepared and shaped according to the needs emerging in the sociological and historical process. Citizens' individual participation is of great importance for the proper reflection of this need in the text of the law. Nowadays, in the process of drafting a law, state institutions that are the enforcers of that issue are often required to prepare the text of the draft. Therefore, it would not be wrong to say that the opinions and suggestions of the institutions were taken from the very beginning. On the other hand, it is seen that the opinions and suggestions of NGOs, which are stakeholders of the issue, even if they are limited and inadequate, are consulted. However, it is observed that the participation of citizens individually in the legislative processes is not very comfortable and easy. In this article, the ways and obstacles to the participation of individuals in the legislative processes through electronic media and procedures, and what to do are discussed.

ANALYSIS OF SEMIOTICS IN THE SOCIAL FIELD

Okan BOYDAŞOkan BOYDAŞ,, Merve DİNGİL — 2026-07-16

In this study, which is discussed through semiotics, the aim is to explain the situation in tihs process from past to present with general semiotics. In daily life, this phenomenon is explained in the city, in an alphabet, in the flow of life on sifns. This article discussesthe concepts of semiotics that Show the concepts of semiotics. Described in relation to linguists. The pasition of the visual indicator, which is a frome of the indicator, is mentioned. The visual relationship with semiotics and its effect in applied semiotics is emphasized. The aim isto clarify and enlighten the phenomenon of the relationship between the semiotics and meaning that we face in everday life. The article first started with the General Semioatics information description, the basic concepts of semiotics( showing, Show, indicator, etc.) and Visual semiotics. In the article, the concept of semiotics is enlightened by using linguists who have done studies on semiotics in the 20 th century and afterwords and the findings that have been researched on it.

THE EFFECT OF ONLINE CONSUMER REVİEW ON THE PURCHASE INTENTION AND AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MEDIATION ROLE OF ATTITUDE

Serkan ÖZTÜRK,, Yasin GÜLTEKİN — 2026-07-16

In the digitalized world, it is very important for businesses to have a strong online presence. It is known that the majority of consumers search for the product in search engines before purchasing a product and they complete their shopping by relying on customer reviews many times in these searches. This study aims to find statistical relationships between online consumers' attitudes and purchasing intentions by determination the effects of relying on online reviews and their sources. In order to measure the relationships in the research model developed in this study, the data obtained from 215 consumers who shop online by reading online reviews were analyzed and reported through SPSS 20 and SMARTpls package programs. According to the results of the hypothesis tests performed using the structural equation model, It has been determined that trusting the writers and the reliability of online comments from consumers have a positive effect on attitude towards online comments. In addition, while the reliability of online comments has a significant effect on purchase intention, it has been found that online comments do not have a significant effect on purchase intention. Moreover, the mediating effect of Attitude was determined. It is believed that the findings of this study contribute to the online shopping firms and academia.

EXPLORING OF TABLE TENNIS TRAINERS 'ATTITUDES TOWARDS ATHLETES' USE OF DOPING

Kübra ÖZDEMİR,; Ahmet Gökhan YAZICI; Mehmet Ertuğrul ÖZTÜRK , Muharrem OĞAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is; Table Tennis Championship in Turkey who work in the age of the coach, gender, and level of coaching and investigate their attitudes towards the use of doping according to the operating status of the national team. Research held in Adana in Turkey Table Tennis Championships in the 2017-2018 season involved 83 coaches selected by random method from a total of 46 coaches attended. The personal information form developed by the researchers and the "Attitude Inventory for Doping" developed by Şapçı (2010) have been used as data collection tools. The distribution and percentage values of the trainers have been determined by descriptive statistics. The Kruskal Wallis H test, which is a non-parametric test at α = 0.05 significance level, has been used in order to compare the attitude scores towards doping use of the trainers participating in the study according to age (5 groups) and coaching levels (3 groups). The Mann Whitney-U test, which is a non-parametric test at α = 0.05 significance level, has been applied according to gender and serving in national teams.When the findings obtained from the study has been analysed, it is observed that there is a significant difference between the attitude scores towards doping use according to age (X2 (4), n = 46, 17.95 p <0.05), the difference is not significant between attitude scores towards doping use regarding the coaching level (X2 (2), n = 46, 5.24 p> 0.05), gender (Z0.05; -0,715; p>0.05) and serving in national teams (Z0.05; -0,658; p>0.05). Consequently, it has been understood that doping attitude scores of coaches who served in Turkish Table Tennis Championship differs according to age groups but the attitude scores towards doping use does not differ regarding their gender, coaching level and serving in national team.

ANALYSIS OF AIRLINE BUSINESS MODELS IN TERMS OF ANCİLLARY REVENUES

Doğan KILIÇ,, Hakan RODOPLU — 2026-07-16

The profitability in the airline industry is at low levels due to the fact that it is easily affected by national and international factors, high costs and severe competition conditions. As low-cost carriers began to enter the airline market, the conditions of competition began to change. In addition to lowering costs, low-cost carriers have enabled the concept of ancillary income in the airline market by using previously unused revenue sources. Airline companies use the revenue management system to increase their total revenues and profits by earning side income. This system aims to increase the competitiveness of companies in the airline market by increasing their income and profit rates. In this study, the data of 25 airline companies, which announced their ancillary revenues between 2010 and 2018, were evaluated after analyzing with trend percentages / trend analysis method. Among the airline companies whose data were analyzed, it was concluded that 23 companies increased their ancillary revenues and 2 companies decreased their ancillary revenues. Increasing ancillary revenues of companies operating with different airline business models indicates that ancillary revenues are an important source of income for all business models.

PREPARING OF COMPARATIVE TURKISH TEACHING BOOK FOR INDIAN PEOPLE

Mustafa Sarper ALAP, — 2026-07-16

In recent years, many foreigners come to Turkey from abroad. Many foreign students coming to Turkey constitute a large part, because there are state universities in all cities of Turkey. Besides, together with state universities foundation universities in major cities of Turkey it is also included. In recent years, because of the events that took place in some countries neighboring Turkey to Turkey comes a large number of foreigners. Incoming foreign citizens in Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan and refers citizens from Pakistan, these citizens all are already enrolled to the present Provincial Immigration Administration in the provinces and identities of the citizens in Turkey, they begin to benefit from the facilities needed in Turkey. Citizens who register and obtain their identity cards can have their children enrolled in schools and receive Turkish education in Provincial Public Education Centers. A large number of students have come from India for university education in recent years. Students from India are taken to courses by TÖMER institutions of universities. Courses starting at A1 level end at C2 level, and students who pass the C2 level exam and receive a certificate begin their education. Indians are who live in India deeply interested in Turkey, especially as they are interested in Turkish. Indian people interest in Turkish television programmes. As a result of the Indians interest in Turkish culture, various materials are prepared for Indians to learn Turkish. Among these, Turkish learning books for Indians are prepared. There are important subjects taught in Turkey and with Turkish books. The topics in the book are designed to teach Turkish in an easy way.

Time Phase in Tahseen Garmiani's Novels

Azad Abdullah MUHAMMED,, Mustafa AGAH — 2026-07-16

The novel is considered to be a first genre and a phase of social, political, religious and cultural domains interacting with each other which maintains the character within the period. The incubator of events, including the concept of the narrative phase, is based on multiple concepts and connotations when the actions, actions, and aspects of the characters are revealed. It is possible that they have the basis of their physical, historical, and real existence. Expressing the conflict of social classes and the scope of their ideology as well as the differences and deriving their elements from sensory experiences with the actor as a producer and a consumer of space. It stems from the characters about the characterizations of the society, so the phase has different dimensions, but our study is limited to the time domain and what it proposes. In the introduction, we discussed the fictional narrative space and time space.

THE EFFECT OF EARNING MINIMUM WAGE ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF ALIMONY IN THE LIGHT OF SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

Yaren Didem ÖZŞENOL, — 2026-07-16

In family law, the termination of the marriage does not completely mean the end of the duties that are formed with marriage between spouses brought by the unity of family. The current duties in family union appear in different form with termination of family. Alimony is the form of obligation of solidarity between spouses after end of the marriage. The purpose of alimony is to prevent the poverty that will occur with the divorce of the parties. While determining the state of the poverty, the criteria that are determined by Supreme Court are taken into consideration. Even though these criteria are similar to the criteria used by Minimum Wage Determination Commission in determination of the minimum wage amount, The Court of Cassation does not consider having a minimum wage as a concept that saves the person from poverty. Therefore, working with minimum wages does not prevent the acceptance of the demand for alimony. Even if the minimum wage does not eradicate poverty, it affects the decision of amount of alimony. In this study, alimony, the conditions of formation of alimony, the effect of the minimum wage on alimony and different cases caused by the work of the parties with minimum wage will be examined in detail in light of the Court of Cassation practices.

EXAMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE HAPPINESS OF MUSIC STUDENTS FROM STUDYING AT KASTAMONU UNIVERSITY FINE ARTS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT MUSIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Mustafa KABATAŞ, — 2026-07-16

This study was conducted to determine the existence of factors that affect the university satisfaction level of music students. The study group of the research; In the spring semester of the 2018-2019 academic year, a total of 48 students, 27 male and 21 female students, who studied at the Department of Music Education, Department of Fine Arts Education at Kastamonu University and participated in the study voluntarily. In the research, as a data collection tool, "Student Satisfaction Scale" consisting of five sub-dimensions was used. According to the results of the structural equation model of the study; The factor affecting students' university satisfaction the most; It has been observed that there are measurement and evaluation activities, followed by education programs and instruction, academic counseling and guidance, services provided to students and opportunities to support the academic environment and learning. It was concluded that the values obtained for the model were significant in explaining the university satisfaction implicit variable of all factors, and the fit index values of the model remained within acceptable values.

IN IX-XI CENTURİES IN TRANSOXİANA REGİON AGRİCULTURE AND ANİMAL HUSBANDRY

Alparslan KILINÇ, — 2026-07-16

IX. and XI. between the centuries, the Transoxiana region had its heyday in every field under the domination of the Sâmânîlar State. In this study, the place and importance of agriculture and animal husbandry, which are among the economic activities in this period, in the life of the region and the people of the region are examined in the light of geography and historical resources. The fact that the Transoxiana region has no shortage of water resources and has fertile land has caused people to choose it as a settlement center in every period. Its lands are so fertile that the grown crops were exported to other regions. The titles of our study are as follows: Introduction, Geographical Boundaries and Climate of the Transoxiana Region, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Results and Resources. First of all, it was felt that it was necessary to explain where the place, called the Transoxiana region, was. Besides, if we consider that the geography affects the way of life and economic activities of people, it would not be possible to start working without drawing the geographical boundaries of the Transoxiana region and mentioning its geography. Thus, we have determined the settlements here. While conducting this investigation, the subject was tried to be explained by discussing especially Bukhârâ and Samarkand, which are among the important settlements of Transoxiana.

GLOBAL DRUG CONTROL SYSTEM AND TURKEY

Murat SARIGÜZEL, — 2026-07-16

Turkey has been an important subject beginning from last periods of Ottoman Empire for the development process of Global Drug Control System which is one of the most tangible outputs of the International Law as both Anatolia being productive in poppy cultivation and having a strategic significance in the drug smuggling routes. The country, which was the subject of international discussions until the end of the 1990s, has taken crucial steps, especially with the structural reforms it has implemented since the early 2000s. Within the framework of “Taking all world’s children as their own” approach, drug smuggling is observed as crime against humanity and it is not limited by only the efforts within the national border. And today Turkey provides significant contributions to the system functioning and its development through the attention paid for the implementation of the United Nations Drug Control Conventions which are considered to be the pillars of the Global Drug Control System and by its best practices in every aspect of the fight against drugs.

THE METHOD OF İBN ATFAYYİŞ AL-İBADÎ IN THE CONTEXT OF AUXILIARY VERSION IN TEYSİRU'S TEFSİR

Abdulsalam YOUSSEF, — 2026-07-16

There are many interpretations in the Islamic world, And not only for Ahl al-Sunnah, even at the rest of Islamic teams, but we are not sufficiently informed. Among these teams: Ibadi, it is an Islamic sect with ancient historical roots. And their followers are not Al khawarij, as many researchers call them. And they - (Ibadi) – disavow Al khawarij. Likewise, Ibadi possesses a great scientific heritage, stemming from special origins and a specific curriculum, which cannot be excused from or ignored. Therefore, I attempt in this research to focus light on the most important interpretation of Ibadi in the fourteenth century, It is an interpretation (tiysayr altafsir). In this research, I have been confined myself to studying by Ibn Tfayyesh al-Ibadi, who died in 1332 AH. The doctrinal aspect, that comparing the interpretation of Ahl al-Sunnah and Jama'ah. Finally, let us come to the conclusion that they agree with us on many contractual issues, and differ on some of them, but we cannot take them out of religion, as such followers go some currents. I have called the research: Ibn Tfayyesh al-Ibadi method in the interpretation of verses of the faith through its interpretation (tiysayr altafsir).

THE BENEFITS OF DIGITALISM ON HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Ayşegül TAVAS, — 2026-07-16

The "revolution" of the Internet through computers, communication media in all its aspects related to the transmission, processing and digitized storage of information, multimedia applications, mass media, communication by telephone, software, hardware, have allowed the acquisition, recording and presentation of information, sometimes in the form of voice, other times of images or data of an acoustic, optical or electromagnetic nature. For all these reasons, there is an interest in studying the impact that its use has had on Worldwide health, and the benefits that citizens have obtained from them.

A RESEARCH ON CHILDREN'S LEARNING CENTER PREFERENCES IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

Reha Hazel ÇUTUK, — 2026-07-16

Preschool education is the education provided within the framework of a planned program in educational environments prepared with certain standards that aim to support social-emotional, cognitive, motor and language development, as well as to gain self-care skills, from the birth of the child to the beginning of primary school. In this study, it was aimed to determine the learning center preferences in the classrooms of children attending pre-school education, how these preferences differ according to age and gender, by conducting a case study from qualitative research methods. The research was carried out by recording the learning centers of 68 children in the 3, 4 and 5 age groups in a private kindergarten affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Maltepe, Istanbul, and observing their behaviors during play. Investigating the learning center preferences of different age groups makes the study important. According to the findings of the research, it was observed that the preferred learning centers were the dramatic game center and block center, female students preferred the dramatic game center and art center more, while male students preferred the dramatic game and block center.