Author :
Abstract
XVIII. yüzyılda Kıta Avrupa’sında ortaya çıkan ve XIX. yüzyılda hemen her toplumda bilinmeye başlayan feminist akımın Osmanlı düşün dünyasında tanımlanması ve algılanması tartışma yaratmıştır. Ortodoks İslam’ın devlet kurumlarındaki dokunulmazlığı, Orta Asya ve Anadolu’nun otantik esintisi ve Osmanlı toplumunun patriarkal aile yapılanması gibi nedenlerle dönem aydınları arasında feminizmle ilgili bir konsensüs oluşamamıştır. Klasik feminizm, Osmanlı Devleti’nin değerleriyle uyuşmadığı gerekçesiyle reddedilerek, örfi ve şeri yapıyla senkretik olan “Müslüman/Türk/Osmanlı Feminizmi” yaratılmıştır. Sistem tarafından oluşturulan bu feminizm süreci Ulusal Bağımsızlık Savaşı (1919-1923) yıllarında yavaşlasa da sonrasında kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nde devam etmiştir. XX. yüzyılın ulus-devlet modelinde, kadın ile bütünleşen “Vatanına vatansever evlatlar yetiştiren milliyetçi anne” profili, Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sinin kadın kimliğinin belirleyicisi olmuştur. Bu kimliğin içselleştirilmesinin ardından Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti, çağdaş medeniyetlerle denkleşme misyonu edinmiş ve dünya standartlarına uygun bir “Türkiye Kadını” yaratma amacına girişmiştir. Böylece Osmanlı Devleti’nin yarattığı “Müslüman Feminizmi” isim değiştirerek “Devlet Feminizmi” ne dönüşmüş ve bu süreçte Türkiye’de feminizm ataerkil sisteminin yönlendirmesiyle oluşmuştur.
Keywords
Abstract
Definition and perception of the feminism movement which emerged in Europe in 18th century and started to become known in almost every society in 20th century, created controversy in the Ottoman thinking world. There was no consensus on feminism among the intellectuals of the period because of some reasons. Classical feminism was rejected because it did not match the values of Ottoman Empire, and “Muslim/Turkish/Ottoman Feminism was created. Though this feminism process, created by the system, slow down in the years of the War of Independence (1919-1923), it continued in the Republic of Turkey which established after this war. After the internalization of this identity, the Republic of Turkey attempted the purpose of creating a “Woman of Turkey” which adopted the mission of offset with contemporary civilizations and was proper for world standards. Thus “Muslim feminism” which created by the Ottoman Empire, changed the name and transformed to “State feminism”.
Keywords
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