Author :
DOI : 10.29228/smryj.66078
Year-Number: 2022-65
Yayımlanma Tarihi: 2022-11-29 20:00:40.0
Language : İngilizce
Konu : Diğer…
Abstract
31 Aralık 2019'da keşfedilen ve 30 Ocak 2020'de resmen pandemi ilan edil3n; COVID-19 veya daha doğru bir deyiş ile SARS-CoV-2, koronavirüsün spesifik bir türüdür. Tehlikesi çoğunlukla insandan insana son derece bulaşmasında yatmaktadır. Bu araştırma makalesi, COVID-19 pandemisinin San Francisco Körfez Bölgesi'nde yaşayan genç yetişkinlerin (n=51) günlük aktiviteleri üzerindeki davranışsal etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu sebeple yazar, lise öğrencileri arasında onların fiziksel aktivite saatleri, sosyal medyada geçirilen saatler, uyku saatleri, saatlerce harcanan zamandaki değişiklikle ölçülen günlük aktivitelerdeki değişimin etkisini ölçmeyi hedefleyen kısa bir anket yaptı. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin aile ve arkadaşlarıyla geçirilen zamanı ve yalnız geçirilen saatleri, mutluluk seviyelerinde değişime sebep olmuştur. Buna ek olarak, mutluluk düzeyleri ile iki değişken, yani arkadaşlar/aile ile geçirilen zaman ve sosyal medyada geçirilen zaman arasında nispeten daha yüksek bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir.
Keywords
Abstract
Discovered on December 31, 2019, and was officially declared a pandemic on January 30, 2020; COVID-19 or more precisely SARS-CoV-2 is a specific strain of the coronavirus. Its danger mostly lies in its highly infectious transmission from person to person. This research paper aims to investigate the behavioral effects of COVID-19 pandemic on young adults’ everyday activities (n=51) living in the San Francisco Bay Area. To achieve this, the author has conducted a short survey among highschool students that has targeted to measure the effect of change in their everyday activities measured by change in time spent in hours of physical activity, hours on social media, hours of sleep, hours of time spent with family and friends, and hours spent alone, on the change in their happiness level. The findings have shown relatively higher correlation between happiness levels and two variables, namely time spent with friends/family and time spent on social media.
Keywords
- 1. Allcott, H.; Braghieri, L.; Eichmeyer, S.; Gentzkow, M. The Welfare Effects of Social Media. American Economic Review, 2020, 110(3), 629-676. DOI: 10.1257/aer.20190658
- 2. Altena, E.; Baglioni, C.; Espie, C. A.; Ellis, J.; Gavriloff, D.; Holzinger, B.; Schlarb, A.; Frase, L.; Jernelov, S.; Riemann, D. Dealing with Sleep Problems during Home Confinement due to the COVID-19 Outbreak: Practical Recommendations from a Task Force of the European CBT-I Academy. J Sleep Res, 2020, 29(4), e13052. DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13052
- 3. Arampatzi, E.; Burger, M. J.; Novik, N. Social Network Sites, Individual Social Capital and Happiness. J Happiness Stud, 2018, 19(1), 99–122. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-016-9808-z
- 4. Bergstresser, S. M. (2020). Why a Coronavirus Quarantine in the US is a Bad Idea. [Last accessed on 2021, September 1]. Accessed from: https://massivescicom/articles/covid-coronavirus-quarantine-isolationpandemic
- 5. Bonanno, G. A.; Brewin, C. R.; Kaniasty, K.; Greca, A. M. L. Weighing the Costs of Disaster: Consequences, Risks and Resilience in Individuals, Families and Communities. Psychol Sci Public Interest, 2010, 11(1), 1-49. DOI: 10.1177/1529100610387086
- 6. Bornstein, M. H.; Jager, J.; Steinberg, L. D. Adolescents, Parents, Friends/Peers: A Relationships Model. Handbook of Psychology, John Wiley and Sons Publishers, 2nd ed., 2013.
- 7. Brailovskaia, J.; Miragall, M.; Margraf, J.; Herrero, R.; Banos, R. M. The Relationship between Social Media Use, Anxiety and Burden Caused by Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Spain. Curr Psychol, 2021, May, 1-7. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01802-8
- 8. Brooks, S. K.; Webster, R. K.; Smith, L. E.; Woodland, L.; Wessely, S.; Greenberg, N.; Rubin, G. J. The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce it: Rapid Review of the Evidence. The Lancet, 2020, 395(10227), 912–920. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
- 9. Carpentier, F. R.; Brown, J. D.; Bertocci, M.; Silk, J. S.; Forbes, E. E.; Dahl, R. E. Sad Kids, Sad Media? Applying Mood Management Theory to Depressed Adolescents' Use of Media. Media Psychol, 2008, 11(1), 143-166. DOI: 10.1080/15213260701834484
- 10. Cellini, N.; Canale, N.; Mioni, G.; Costa, S. Changes in Sleep Pattern, Sense of Time and Digital Media Use During COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res, 2020, 29(4), e13074. DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13074
- 11. Cherikh, F.; Frey, S.; Bel, C.; Attanasi, G.; Alifano, M.; Iannelli, A. Behavioral Food Addiction During Lockdown: Time for Awareness, Time to Prepare the Aftermath. Obes Surg, 2020, 30, May, 3585-3587. DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04649-3
- 12. Dennen, V. P.; Rutledge, S. A.; Bagdy, L. M.; Bunn, S.; Jung, D.; Cargill, C.; Cosgrove, C.; Hedquist, A.; McWaters, S. Virtual Independence: Teen Social Media Use during the Summer of Quarantine, 14th International Conference on ICT, Society and Human Beings, Web Based Communities and Social Media and e-Health, 20 – 22 Jul 2021.
- 13. Depoux, A.; Martin, S.; Karafillakis, E.; Preet, R.; Wilder-Smith, A.; Larson, H. The Pandemic of Social Media Panic Travels Faster than the COVID-19 Outbreak, J Travel Med, 2020, 27(3), taaa031. DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa031
- 14. DiGiovanni, C.; Conley, J.; Chiu, D.; Zaborski, J. Factors influencing compliance with quarantine in Toronto during the 2003 SARS outbreak. Biosecur Bioterror, 2004, 2(4), 265-272. DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2004.2.265
- 15. Ellis, W. E.; Dumas, T. M.; Forbes, L. M. Physically Isolated but Socially Connected: Psychological Adjustment and Stress among Adolescents during the Initial COVID-19 Crisis. Can J Behav Sci, 2020, 52(3), 177-187. DOI: 10.1037/cbs0000215
- 16. Faccioli, S.; Lombardi, F.; Bellini, P.; Costi, S.; Sassi, S.; Pesci, M. C. How did Italian Adolescents with Disability and Parents Deal with the COVID-19 Emergency?. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2021, 18(4), 1687-1699. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041687
- 17. Gao, J.; Zheng, P.; Jia, Y.; Chen, H.; Mao, Y.; Chen, S.; Wang, Y.; Fu, H.; Dai, J. Mental Health Problems and Social Media Exposure during COVID-19 Outbreak. PLoS ONE, 2020, 15(4), e0231924. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
- 18. Gupta, R.; Grover, S.; Basu, A.; Krishnan, V.; Tripathi, A.; Subramanyam, A.; Nischal, A.; Hussain, A.; Mehra, A.; Ambekar, A.; Saha, G.; Mishra, K. K.; Bathla, M.; Jagiwala, M.; Manjunatha, N.; Nebhinani, N.; Gaur, N.; Kumar, N.; Dalal, P. K.; Kumar, P.; Midha, P. K.; Daga, R.; Tikka, S. K.; Praharaj SK.; Goyal, SK.; Kanchan, S.; Sarkar, S.; Das S.; Sarkhel S.; Padhy SK.; Sahoo S.; Satyanarayana Rao, T. S.; Dubey, V.; Menon, V.; Chhabra, V.; Lahan, V.; Avasthi, A. (2020). Changes in Sleep Pattern and Sleep Quality during COVID-19 Lockdown. Indian J Psychiatry, 2020, 62(4), 370-378. DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_523_20
- 19. Jeong, H.; Yim, H. W.; Song, Y.; Ki, M.; Min, J.; Cho, J.; Chae, J. H. Mental Health Status of People isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiology and Health, 2016, 38, e2016048.
- 20. Kang, L.; Li, Y.; Hu, S.; Chen, M.; Yang, C.; Yang, B. X.; Wang, Y.; Hu, J.; Lai, J.; Ma, X.; Chen, J.; Guan, L.; Wang, G.; Ma, H.; Liu, Z. The Mental Health of Medical Workers in Wuhan, China Dealing with The 2019 Novel Coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, 7(3), e14. DOI: 10.1016/S22150366(20)30047-X
- 21. Kapetanovic, S.; Gurdal, S.; Ander, B.; Sorbring, E. Reported Changes in Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Adolescents, 2021, 1(1), 10-20. DOI: 10.3390/adolescents1010002
- 22. Lin, E. C. L.; Peng, Y. C.; Hung Tsai, J. C. Lessons Learned from The Anti-SARS Quarantine Experience in a Hospital-Based Fever Screening Station in Taiwan. Am J Infect Control, 2010, 38(4), 302-307. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.09.008.
- 23. Locke, B.; Low, M.; Forsgren, E. An Integrated Management Strategy to Prevent Outbreaks and Eliminate Infection Pressure of American Foulbrood Disease in a Commercial Beekeeping Operation. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 167, Jun, 48-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.023
- 24. Lu, H.; Nie, P.; Qian, L. Do Quarantine Experiences and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Affect the Distribution of Mental Health in China? A Quantile Regression Analysis. Appl Res Qual Life, 2020, 1-18. DOI: 10.1007/s11482-020-09851-0
- 25. Marino, C. Quality of Social-Media Use may Matter more than Frequency of Use for Adolescents’ Depression. Clinical Psychological Science, 2018, 6(4), 455. DOI: .1177/2167702618771979
- 26. Maynard, M. S.; Perlman, C. M.; Kirkpatrick, S. I. Food Insecurity and Perceived Anxiety among Adolescents: An Analysis of Data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, 2019, 14(3), 339-351. DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2017.1393363
- 27. Patel, A., Patel, S., Fulzele, P., Mohod, S.; Chhabra, K. G. Quarantine An Effective Mode for Control of the Spread Of COVID-19? A Review. J Fam Med Prim Care, 2020, 9(8), 3867–3871. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_785_20
- 28. Pennycook, G.; McPhetres, J.; Zhang, Y.; Lu, J. G.; Rand, D. G. Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention. Psychol Sci, 2020, 31(8), 770–780. DOI: 10.1177/0956797620939054
- 29. Reynolds, D. L.; Garay, J. R.; Deamond, S. L.; Moran, M. K.; Gold, W.; Styra, R. Understanding, Compliance and Psychological Impact of the SARS Quarantine Experience. Epidemiol Infect, 2008, 136(7), 997-1007. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268807009156
- 30. Robinson M.J. ; Knobloch-Westerwick S. Mood Management Through Selective Media Use for Health and Well-Being. In Reinecke L, Oliver MD, eds. Handbook of Media Use and Well-Being: International Perspectives on Theory and Research on Positive Media Effects. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group Publications, 2017.
- 31. Sanudo, B.; Fennell, C.; Sanchez-Oliver, A. J. (2020). Objectively-assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and During-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain. Sustainability, 2020, 12(15), 5890. DOI: 10.3390/su12155890
- 32. Seidlitz, L.; Diener, E. (1993). Memory For Positive Versus Negative Life Events: Theories for the Differences Between Happy and Unhappy Persons. J Pers Soc Psychol, 1993, 64(4), 654-664. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.654
- 33. Spector, B. (2020). Coronavirus: What is 'Flattening the Curve,' and Will it Work. [Last accessed on 2021 September 1]. Available from: https://wwwlivesciencecom/coronavirus-flatten-the-curve .
- 34. Taylor, M. R.; Agho, K. E.; Stevens, G. J.; Raphael, B. Factors Influencing Psychological Distress during a Disease Epidemic: Data from Australia’s First Outbreak of Equine Influenza. BMC Public Health, 2008, 8, Oct, 347–e18. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-347
- 35. Tang, W.; Hu, T.; Hu, B.; Jin, C.; Wang, G.; Xie, C.; Chen, S.; Xu, J. Prevalence and Correlates of PTSD and Depressive Symptoms One Month after the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Epidemic in a Sample of Home-Quarantined Chinese University Students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020, 274, Sep, 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.009
- 36. Trabelsi, K.; Ammar, A.; Masmoudi, L.; Boukhris, O.; Chtourou, H.; Bouaziz, B.; Brach, M.; Bentlage, E.; How, D.; Ahmed, M.; Mueller, P.; Mueller, N.; Hsouna, H.; Romdhani, M.; Hammouda, O.; PaineirasDomingos, L.; Braakman-jansen, A.; Wrede, C.; Bastoni, S.; Pernambuco, C.; Mataruna-Dos-Santos, L.; Taheri, M.; Irandoust, K.; Khacharem, A.; Bragazzi, N.; Strahler, J.; Washif, J.; Andreeva, A.; Bailey, S.; Acton, J.; Mitchell, E.; Bott, N.; Gargouri, F.; Chaari, L.; Batatia, H.; khoshnami, S.; Samara, E.; Zisi, V.; Sankar, P.; Ahmed, W.; Ali, G.; Abdelkarim, O.; Jarraya, M.; Abed, K.; Moalla, W.; Souissi, N.; Aloui, A.; Souissi, N.; Gemert-Pijnen, L.; Riemann, B.; Riemann, L.; Delhey, J.; Gómez-Raja, J.; Epstein, M.; Sanderman, R.; Schulz, S.; Jerg, A.; Al-Horani, R.; Mansi, T.; Dergaa, I.; Jmail, M.; Barbosa, F.; FerreiraSantos, F.; Šimunič, B.; Pišot, R.; Pišot, S.; Gaggioli, A.; Steinacker, J.; Zmijewski, P.; Clark, C.; Apfelbacher, C.; Glenn, J.; Saad, H.; Chamari, K.; Driss, T.; Hoekelmann, A. Globally Altered Sleep Patterns and Physical Activity Levels by Confinement in 5056 Individuals: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey. Biology of Sport, 2021, 38(4), 495–506. DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.101605
- 37. Tull, M. T.; Edmonds, K. A.; Scamaldo, K. M.; Richmond, J. R.; Rose, J. P.; Gratz, K. L. Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life. Psychiatry Res, 2020, 289, Jul, 113098. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113098
- 38. Twenge, J. M.; Joiner, T. E.; Rogers, M. L.; Martin, G. N. Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide- related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates among US Adolescents After 2010 and Links To Increased New Media Screen Time. Clinical Psychological Science, 2018, 6(1), 3–17. DOI: 10.1177/2167702617723376
- 39. World Health Organization. Considerations for Quarantine of Individuals in the Context of Containment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Interim Guidance, World Health Organization Press, 19 Mar 2020.
- 40. Worldometers (2021). [Last accessed on 2021, September 22].Accessed from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
